Human Protamine Genes’ Polymorphisms as a Possible Cause Underlying Male Infertility

Rodríguez, Anaís García; Barcelona, Rosa Roy

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-812571-7.00007-1

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…Protamines are small arginine‐rich nuclear proteins specifically present in the nucleus of spermatozoa, for condensation of nuclear chromatin and leave the sperm genome protected from mutations, caused by internal and external factors (Hyacinth et al., 2017). The PRM1 and PRM2 genes are encoded in chromosome 16p13.3 (Rodríguez & Barcelona, 2018). In human beings during spermiogenesis, approximately 85% of the sperm histones are replaced by two protamines, protamine 1 (PRM1) and protamine 2 (PRM2) (Aoki et al., 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Protamine 1/Protamine 2 mRNA ratio in nonobstructive azoospermic patients

et al. 2021

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Altered protamine 1 (PRM1)/ protamine 2 (PRM2) mRNA ratio in testicular biopsy samples correlates with sperm quality and its fertilising ability. This study is planned to assess PRM1/ PRM2 mRNA ratio in subgroups of azoospermia to suggest a more reliable and accurate marker for assessing sperm quality in nonobstructive azoospermia (NOA). A cross‐sectional study was done on testicular biopsy samples, taken from 106 azoospermic patients. Samples were histologically classified into subgroups: 36 obstructive azoospermia (OA), and two groups of NOA: 41 round spermatid maturation arrest (SMA) and 29 Sertoli cell‐only syndrome (SCOS). OA samples showed histologically normal spermatogenesis and serve as a positive control. mRNA expression of jumonji domain‐containing 1A (JMJD1A), PRM1, PRM2 and transition nuclear proteins (TNP1, TNP2) genes was determined, by RT‐qPCR. Significantly lower expression of JMJD1A (p < .001), PRM1 (p = .0265) and PRM2 (p = .0032) has been seen in the SCOS group of NOA. We found significant (p < .001) increase in PRM1/PRM2 mRNA ratio in testicular biopsy samples of SCOS group of NOA patients and significant negative correlation of PRM1/PRM2 mRNA ratio with JMJD1A. Hence, PRM1/PRM2 mRNA ratio may represent a more reliable and accurate marker to assess sperm quality in NOA in addition to standard semen parameters.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There is a lack of data available regarding the cause of PRM1/PRM2 deregulation, but still several factors including PRM gene polymorphisms have been reported (Iguchi et al., 2006; Rodríguez & Barcelona, 2018). Other causes include regulatory genes of transcription and translation of PRM.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Protamine 1/Protamine 2 mRNA ratio in nonobstructive azoospermic patients

et al. 2021

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Bioconjugation Between CdTe Quantum Dots and a Cationic Protein: An Analytical Method to Determine Protamine in Drug and Urine Samples

Costa¹,

Rocha²,

Sales³

et al. 2021

J. Braz. Chem. Soc.

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CdTe quantum dots (QD-CdTe) functionalized with mercaptosuccinic acid (MSA) were synthesized in an aqueous medium, varying synthesis time from 0.5 to 4 h. The nanoprobe were characterized by a direct relationship between synthesis time and QD size (2.61-3.04 nm). The QD-CdTe-MSA interacted with protamine (PT), a cationic protein, forming a bioconjugate, thus quenching the photoluminescence intensity and generating an on-off system. The nanoprobe produced at a synthesis time of 1 h (QD-CdTe1) presented PT’s best sensitivity in a succinate buffer (pH = 5). Under the optimized conditions, the proposed method presented a linear range of 0.05-0.5 mg L-1 (10-100 nM), limit of detection (LOD) 0.01 mg L-1 (2 nM), and relative standard deviation (RSD) ≤ 2.01% (n = 10). The interaction of the nanoprobe and PT led to aggregation due to a bioconjugate formation. The systems’ hydrodynamic radius varied from 4.31 nm (QD‑CdTe1) to 30.50 nm for the bioconjugate (QD-CdTe1-PT). The method was sensitive to variation in ionic strength and based on thermodynamic parameters; it was demonstrated that the interaction mechanism occurred preferentially through electrostatic forces. Finally, the method proved to be fast, sensitive, and viable for quantifying PT in drugs and synthetic urine samples with recoveries above 95%.

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Human Protamine Genes’ Polymorphisms as a Possible Cause Underlying Male Infertility

Cited by 2 publications

References 43 publications

Protamine 1/Protamine 2 mRNA ratio in nonobstructive azoospermic patients

Protamine 1/Protamine 2 mRNA ratio in nonobstructive azoospermic patients

Bioconjugation Between CdTe Quantum Dots and a Cationic Protein: An Analytical Method to Determine Protamine in Drug and Urine Samples

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