Human population as a key driver of biochemical burden in an inter-city system: Implications for One Health concept

Kasprzyk-Hordern, Barbara; Proctor, Kathryn; Jagadeesan, Kishore; Edler, Felicity; Standerwick, Richard; Barden, Ruth

doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.127882

Cited by 13 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…This observation is an important one. It indicates that the abundance of microorganisms is proportional to the size of human population (as already shown in our previous paper (Elder et al, 2021) and Kasprzyk-Hordern et al (Kasprzyk-Hordern et al, 2022) where strong linear correlation was observed between 16S rRNA and population size: R 2 = 0.8786, r = 0.9373 p value: 0.018657). Our data this further confirm that community size is a major driver of ARG levels in wastewater.…”

Section: Population and 16s Normalisedsupporting

confidence: 79%

Wastewater-Based Epidemiology for monitoring community derived antimicrobials and resistance genes: a one-year longitudinal study

Sims

Kannan

Holton

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Increasing understanding and awareness of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is critical in tackling this growing global crisis. Wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) is a promising approach to monitoring a range of AMR targets in communities through analysis of wastewater. This longitudinal study provides insight into antimicrobial (AA) usage within two communities in the South West of the UK, one city (Bath) and one town (Keynsham). AAs, including metabolites, from a range of different classes were quantified over the study period. Average loads of AAs were higher in Bath than for Keynsham (difference on average was 88 ± 6%) which reflected the larger population. Several AAs experienced seasonal fluctuations, such as the macrolides erythromycin and clarithromycin that were found in higher loads in the winter, whilst other AA levels, including sulfamethoxazole and sulfapyridine, stayed consistent over the study period. Several antimicrobial resistant genes (ARGs) were also studied within the city area, in order to determine how closely the abundance of these genes correlates with the levels of relevant AAs. Several genes including ermB, sul1 and intI1 were not found at statistically significant different loads in winter 2018/19 when compared to summer 2019. Due to relatively stable AA and ARG levels across 13 months monitoring time, no clear correlation was observed between absolute loads of ARGs and total loads of associated AAs by class. Hospital effluent within the city catchment was also investigated for AAs and ARGs. Several AAs were more common in hospital wastewater than in community wastewater, including sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim. This work can help establish baselines for AA usage in communities, providing community-wide surveillance and evidence for informing public health interventions.

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Section: Population and 16s Normalisedsupporting

confidence: 79%

Wastewater-Based Epidemiology for monitoring community derived antimicrobials and resistance genes: a one-year longitudinal study

Sims

Kannan

Holton

et al. 2022

Preprint

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“…Developing NST infrastructure now will pay dividends in the future. In addition, NST can easily be adapted to detect or monitor other viral or bacterial pathogens of concern, including bioterrorist associated pathogens and AMR [ 4 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Targeted approaches need to be implemented to tailor responses to current and future pandemics. Wastewater epidemiology (WBE) employs surveillance and monitoring of wastewater and sewage, and can act as an early warning system for identification of new variants of SARS-CoV-2 as well as detection of other pathogens such as polio virus [ 3 ], antibiotics and other chemical residues and antimicrobial resistance [ 4 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development and evaluation of TaqMan-based, one-step, real-time RT-PCR assays for pepper mild mottle virus detection for near source tracking and wastewater-based epidemiology validation

Cantillon

Roberts

2022

PLoS ONE

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Emergence of novel human pathogens pose significant challenges to human health as highlighted by the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. Wastewater based epidemiology (WBE) has previously been employed to identify viral pathogens and outbreaks by testing samples from regional wastewater treatment plants. Near source tracking (NST) allows for more targeted WBE by analysing samples from individual buildings such as schools or even individual floors such as in multi-floor office buildings. Despite the public health advantages of WBE, few strategies exist for optimising NST sampling methodologies. Therefore, we developed a protocol to evaluate virus detection in NST sampling using Pepper Mild Mottle Virus (PMMoV) as a proxy for RNA viruses. PMMoV is the most abundant enteric human associated RNA virus and is present in peppers/pepper-containing foods. Two bespoke TaqMan RT-PCR assays were developed to detect a PMMoV genomic 5’ region and a capsid associated gene. To evaluate the protocol against field samples, pepper homogenates were flushed down an in-use toilet (Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, UK) to spike wastewater with PMMoV on multiple days, and samples collected from two sewage access points to validate NST samplers. These wastewater samples were assessed for PMMoV based on Ct values and results compared to pepper and Tabasco derived PMMoV positive controls. Positive detection of PMMoV was comparable and consistent in ten independent samples across two NST samplers regardless of pepper homogenate spiking. We have developed two novel one step TaqMan assays that amplify both PMMoV targets in viral RNA extractions from peppers, Tabasco, and wastewater samples with cDNA synthesis through to RT-PCR results taking approximately 30 minutes. Pepper homogenate flushing was not required to detect PMMoV in our wastewater samples, however this strategy of flushing PMMoV containing materials outlined here could be valuable in assessing and validating NST in buildings with no previous or current sewage flow.

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“… Global WBE monitoring campaigns. WBE, as a comprehensive and inclusive tool, has a unique opportunity and potential to provide much needed data on exposure in LMICs and fill knowledge gaps in underrepresented highly urbanised as well as rural settings in LMICs [26] . WBE is indeed well-suited for LMICs where often socio-economic impacts are much harsher (Shrestha et al 2021).…”

Section: Future Work – the Need To Fill Knowledge Gaps On Chemical Ex...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Wastewater-based epidemiology for the assessment of population exposure to chemicals: The need for integration with human biomonitoring for global One Health actions

Kasprzyk-Hordern

Béen

Bijlsma³

et al. 2023

Journal of Hazardous Materials

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Human population as a key driver of biochemical burden in an inter-city system: Implications for One Health concept

Cited by 13 publications

References 29 publications

Wastewater-Based Epidemiology for monitoring community derived antimicrobials and resistance genes: a one-year longitudinal study

Wastewater-Based Epidemiology for monitoring community derived antimicrobials and resistance genes: a one-year longitudinal study

Development and evaluation of TaqMan-based, one-step, real-time RT-PCR assays for pepper mild mottle virus detection for near source tracking and wastewater-based epidemiology validation

Wastewater-based epidemiology for the assessment of population exposure to chemicals: The need for integration with human biomonitoring for global One Health actions

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