Human Plasmodium knowlesi infection in Ranong province, southwestern border of Thailand

Sermwittayawong, Natthawan; Singh, Balbir; Nishibuchi, Mitsuaki; Sawangjaroen, Nongyao; Vuddhakul, Varaporn

doi:10.1186/1475-2875-11-36

Cited by 66 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…In some hospitals in Malaysian Borneo, knowlesi malaria accounts for the majority of malaria cases admitted to hospitals (29,38,43). Human cases are not restricted to Malaysia, with reports of infections acquired in Thailand (48)(49)(50)(51)(52)(53), the Philippines (54-56), Myanmar (57,58), Singapore (59-61), Vietnam (62,63), Indonesia (64,65), Brunei (66), and Cambodia (67) (Fig. 1).…”

Section: Epidemiology Distributionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human Infections and Detection of Plasmodium knowlesi

2013

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SUMMARY Plasmodium knowlesi is a malaria parasite that is found in nature in long-tailed and pig-tailed macaques. Naturally acquired human infections were thought to be extremely rare until a large focus of human infections was reported in 2004 in Sarawak, Malaysian Borneo. Human infections have since been described throughout Southeast Asia, and P. knowlesi is now recognized as the fifth species of Plasmodium causing malaria in humans. The molecular, entomological, and epidemiological data indicate that human infections with P. knowlesi are not newly emergent and that knowlesi malaria is primarily a zoonosis. Human infections were undiagnosed until molecular detection methods that could distinguish P. knowlesi from the morphologically similar human malaria parasite P. malariae became available. P. knowlesi infections cause a spectrum of disease and are potentially fatal, but if detected early enough, infections in humans are readily treatable. In this review on knowlesi malaria, we describe the early studies on P. knowlesi and focus on the epidemiology, diagnosis, clinical aspects, and treatment of knowlesi malaria. We also discuss the gaps in our knowledge and the challenges that lie ahead in studying the epidemiology and pathogenesis of knowlesi malaria and in the prevention and control of this zoonotic infection.

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Section: Epidemiology Distributionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human Infections and Detection of Plasmodium knowlesi

2013

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“…Additionally, one human infection with P. knowlesi was found in a Burmese worker at Ranong Province of Thailand. This zoonotic infection may have been acquired in Kawthoung District, Myanmar, a district close to Ranong Province [133]. Plasmodium falciparum resistance to antimalarial drugs is a primary concern in the country.…”

Section: Effects Of Changing Environmental Conditions On Malaria Vectmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vector Biology and Malaria Transmission in Southeast Asia

Suwonkerd¹,

Ritthison²,

Ngo³

et al. 2013

Anopheles Mosquitoes - New Insights Into Malaria Vectors

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“…There are five species of Plasmodium which cause malaria in human. Those species are P. ovale, P. malariae, P. knowlesi [4,5], P. vivax and P. falciparum (Pf), the latter being the deadliest [6,7]. Malaria is transmitted by a female infected Anopheles mosquito that harbors Pf sporozoites in its salivary glands; by biting a human, the mosquito injects those sporozoites into the blood-stream, and they are then carried to the liver to develop into merozoites, which subsequently are released into the blood stream invading host red blood cells and multiplying asexually as trophozoites.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of Plasmodium falciparum Protease Inhibitors in the Past Decade (2002–2012)

Pérez

Teixeira

Gomes³

et al. 2013

CMC

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New drug targets for the development of antimalarial drugs have emerged after the unveiling of the Plasmodium falciparum genome in 2002. Potential antimalarial drug targets can be broadly classified into three categories according to their function in the parasite's life cycle: (i) biosynthesis, (ii) membrane transport and signaling, and (iii) hemoglobin catabolism. The latter plays a key role, as inhibition of hemoglobin degradation impairs maturation of bloodstage malaria parasites, ultimately leading to remission or even cure of the most severe stage of the infection. Intraerythrocytic Plasmodia parasites have limited capacity to biosynthesize amino acids which are vital for their growth. Therefore, the parasites obtain those essential amino acids via degradation of host cell hemoglobin, making this a crucial process for parasite survival. Several plasmodial proteases are involved in hemoglobin catabolism, among which plasmepsins and falcipains are well-known examples. Hence, development of P. falciparum protease inhibitors is a promising approach to antimalarial chemotherapy, as highlighted by the present review which is focused on the Medicinal Chemistry research effort recorded in the past decade in this particular field.

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Human Plasmodium knowlesi infection in Ranong province, southwestern border of Thailand

Cited by 66 publications

References 14 publications

Human Infections and Detection of Plasmodium knowlesi

Human Infections and Detection of Plasmodium knowlesi

Vector Biology and Malaria Transmission in Southeast Asia

Development of Plasmodium falciparum Protease Inhibitors in the Past Decade (2002–2012)

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