Human Placental Transfer of Cannabinoids

Blackard, C; Tennes, Katherine

doi:10.1056/nejm198409203111213

Cited by 73 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Exposure to CBs, be it recreationally or therapeutically, may cause adverse effects on reproductive function and pregnancy. It has been shown that the major psychoactive ingredient in cannabis, Δ 9 -THC, not only diffuse across the placenta but also accumulates in the fetus 52 . The outcome of prenatal cannabis use in humans is however uncertain and the few studies performed are largely contradictory 53 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of cannabinoids on the development of chick embryos in ovo

Gustafsson

Jacobsson

2019

Sci Rep

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We have examined the effects of the synthetic cannabinoids HU 210 and HU 211, the plant-derived cannabidiol and the endogenous cannabinoid anandamide on the viability and development of chick embryos. Fertilized White Leghorn chicken eggs were injected with the test compounds or carrier vehicle, via a drilled small hole in the egg, directly into the egg yolk. After nine days of exposure, the embryonal viability, length and wet weight of embryos, and wet weight of brains were measured, and the development stages were assessed according to the Hamburger and Hamilton (HH) scale. The potent synthetic cannabinoid receptor agonist HU 210 and the non-psychotropic cannabidiol were embryotoxic at the highest concentrations examined (10 µM and 50 µM, respectively), with no viable embryos after the HU 210 injection, and 20% viability after the cannabidiol injections. The effects of HU 210 on the chick embryo were attenuated by α-tocopherol and the cannabinoid receptor antagonist AM251, whereas only α-tocopherol gave a statistically significant protection against the embryotoxic effects of cannabidiol. This study shows that exposure to plant-derived or synthetic cannabinoids during early embryonal development decreases embryonal viability. Extrapolation of data across species is of course difficult, but the data would argue against the use of cannabinoids, be it recreationally or therapeutically, during pregnancy.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of cannabinoids on the development of chick embryos in ovo

Gustafsson

Jacobsson

2019

Sci Rep

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“…THC and its metabolites can be detected in neonatal urine and meconium (Szeto, 1993). However, levels of THC and the metabolite 9-carboxy-THC appear to be much lower in umbilical cord blood than in maternal blood in heavy users (Blackard & Tennes, 1984); no studies have established THC plasma concentrations in the human fetus (Jaques et al, 2014). Mechanisms for potential teratogenic effects of marijuana include complex pharmacologic actions on developing biological systems, altered uterine blood flow, or altered maternal health behavior (Behnke & Smith, 2013).…”

Section: Accepted Manuscriptmentioning

confidence: 98%

Prenatal, perinatal, and adolescent exposure to marijuana: Relationships with aggressive behavior

Barthélémy

Richardson

Cabral

et al. 2016

Neurotoxicology and Teratology

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“…There is compelling evidence that exposure to exogenous cannabinoids affects pregnancy outcome and fetal development [139]. In fact, ∆ 9 -THC in the plasma of pregnant mothers can readily cross the placenta in both humans and animals [140][141][142] and may compromise placentation. Gestational exposure to ∆ 9 -THC has been shown to result in placental insufficiency in rats, an effect attributed to impaired labyrinth-specific maternal-fetal vascularity and glucose transporter expression [61].…”

Section: Impact Of Exogenous Cannabinoids On the Placenta And Ecs Signalingmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Impact of Early Life Exposure to Cannabis: The Role of the Endocannabinoid System

Martínez-Peña

Perono

Gritis

et al. 2021

IJMS

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Cannabis use during pregnancy has continued to rise, particularly in developed countries, as a result of the trend towards legalization and lack of consistent, evidence-based knowledge on the matter. While there is conflicting data regarding whether cannabis use during pregnancy leads to adverse outcomes such as stillbirth, preterm birth, low birthweight, or increased admission to neonatal intensive care units, investigations into long-term effects on the offspring’s health are limited. Historically, studies have focused on the neurobehavioral effects of prenatal cannabis exposure on the offspring. The effects of cannabis on other physiological aspects of the developing fetus have received less attention. Importantly, our knowledge about cannabinoid signaling in the placenta is also limited. The endocannabinoid system (ECS) is present at early stages of development and represents a potential target for exogenous cannabinoids in utero. The ECS is expressed in a broad range of tissues and influences a spectrum of cellular functions. The aim of this review is to explore the current evidence surrounding the effects of prenatal exposure to cannabinoids and the role of the ECS in the placenta and the developing fetus.

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Human Placental Transfer of Cannabinoids

Cited by 73 publications

References 4 publications

Effects of cannabinoids on the development of chick embryos in ovo

Effects of cannabinoids on the development of chick embryos in ovo

Prenatal, perinatal, and adolescent exposure to marijuana: Relationships with aggressive behavior

The Impact of Early Life Exposure to Cannabis: The Role of the Endocannabinoid System

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