Human physique and susceptibility to noninfectious disease

Bailey, Stephen

doi:10.1002/ajpa.1330280508

Cited by 19 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 164 publications

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“…The ST and its components are related to disease risk factors and cardiovascular disease. [2][3][4][5][6] It is also related to different levels of performance in different athletic disciplines. 7 In this modern era of advanced imaging techniques, the somatotyping method remains an interesting health-related phenotype as it is a fairly straightforward and inexpensive method for gaining insight into the body composition and body type in large-scale epidemiological studies, 8 where it may not be feasible to use more expensive imaging techniques.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heritability of somatotype components: a multivariate analysis

et al. 2007

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Objective: To study the genetic and environmental determination of variation in Heath-Carter somatotype (ST) components (endomorphy, mesomorphy and ectomorphy). Design: Multivariate path analysis on twin data. Subjects: Eight hundred and three members of 424 adult Flemish twin pairs (18-34 years of age). Results:The results indicate the significance of sex differences and the significance of the covariation between the three ST components. After age-regression, variation of the population in ST components and their covariation is explained by additive genetic sources of variance (A), shared (familial) environment (C) and unique environment (E). In men, additive genetic sources of variance explain 28.0% (CI 8.7-50.8%), 86.3% (71.6-90.2%) and 66.5% (37.4-85.1%) for endomorphy, mesomorphy and ectomorphy, respectively. For women, corresponding values are 32.3% (8.9-55.6%), 82.0% (67.7-87.7%) and 70.1% (48.9-81.8%). For all components in men and women, more than 70% of the total variation was explained by sources of variance shared between the three components, emphasising the importance of analysing the ST in a multivariate way. Conclusions: The findings suggest that the high heritabilities for mesomorphy and ectomorphy reported in earlier twin studies in adolescence are maintained in adulthood. For endomorphy, which represents a relative measure of subcutaneous adipose tissue, however, the results suggest heritability may be considerably lower than most values reported in earlier studies on adolescent twins. The heritability is also lower than values reported for, for example, body mass index (BMI), which next to the weight of organs and adipose tissue also includes muscle and bone tissue. Considering the differences in heritability between musculoskeletal robustness (mesomorphy) and subcutaneous adipose tissue (endomorphy) it may be questioned whether studying the genetics of BMI will eventually lead to a better understanding of the genetics of fatness, obesity and overweight.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heritability of somatotype components: a multivariate analysis

et al. 2007

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“…Of particular interest are the relationships among physique, disease risk factors, and disease (Bailey, 1985). The rationale for studying the relationship between physique and disease is to identify those individuals at risk for disease and to change modifiable risk factors in an attempt to lower the risk.…”

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confidence: 99%

Somatotype and indicators of metabolic fitness in youth

et al. 1998

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“…This relationship has a long research tradition [3][4][5][6][7] . Somatotype, as an indirect way of estimating body composition, provides an easy and comprehensive picture of body shape.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationship between Somatotype and Blood Pressure in a Group of Institutionalized Venezuelan Elders

et al. 2004

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Background: Somatotype, as an indirect measure of estimating body composition, provides an easy and comprehensive picture of body shape. Multiple investigations have shown the existence of an association between somatotype components and cardiovascular disease. Objective: The aim of the present study was to examine the association of somatotype with blood pressure during ageing. Methods: The Heath-Carter anthropometric somatotype and both systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) blood pressures were recorded. The sample included 809 healthy institutionalized elders (370 males and 439 females) from geriatric units in Caracas, Venezuela. Ages ranged from 60 to 102 years. Product-moment correlation coefficients between somatotype components and both blood pressure readings were calculated. Principal component analysis and homogeneity analysis by means of alternative least squares tests were also performed. Results: Females were more endomorphic and mesomorphic than males. Males were more ectomorphic than females. SBP showed a downward tendency with age in males, while in females the tendency was for the SBP to increase. Correlations among variables were from low to moderate and ranged from –0.37 to +0.34 in males, and from –0.18 to +0.32 in females. Correlations tended to be stronger in the younger age group and differences between sexes were found. A negative tendency in the correlation between ectomorphy and both SBP and DBP was found, except for the oldest age group, for which the correlation was positive. Endomorphy and mesomorphy showed a stable correlation pattern with blood pressure in males, while in females this pattern was more irregular and less consistent. Conclusion: Individuals with high levels of SBP and DBP had mean somatotypes, which were similar to those of other male groups characterized by myocardial infarct, coronary heart disease and the risk of hypertension, indicating that these somatotypes may be associated with cardiovascular risk factors. In particular, our results indicate that individuals who present a cardiovascular risk profile are more endomorphic and mesomorphic and less ectomorphic than those with a lower cardiovascular risk profile.

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Human physique and susceptibility to noninfectious disease

Cited by 19 publications

References 164 publications

Heritability of somatotype components: a multivariate analysis

Heritability of somatotype components: a multivariate analysis

Somatotype and indicators of metabolic fitness in youth

Relationship between Somatotype and Blood Pressure in a Group of Institutionalized Venezuelan Elders

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