Human Phase Response Curves to Three Days of Daily Melatonin: 0.5 mg<i>Versus</i>3.0 mg

Burgess, Helen J.; Revell, Victoria L.; Molina, Thomas A.; Eastman, Charmane I.

doi:10.1210/jc.2009-2590

Cited by 183 publications

(149 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…The direction of phase shift depends on the time of ingestion. Melatonin produces phase advances when taken in the evening (before bedtime) and phase delays when taken in the morning (after waking up) 64) . That is, it acts as a chronobiotic.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phase-adjustment of human circadian rhythms by light and physical exercise

Yamanaka

Waterhouse

2016

JPFSM

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The human circadian system derives from two distinct circadian oscillators that separately regulate circadian rhythms of body temperature and plasma melatonin, and of the sleep-wake cycle. The oscillator for body temperature and melatonin is the central circadian pacemaker, located in the hypothalamic suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), and the oscillator for sleep-wake cycle is another oscillator, located in the brain but outside the SCN. Although bright light is a primary zeitgeber for circadian rhythms, non-photic time cues such as a strict sleep schedule and timed physical exercise act as a non-photic zeitgeber for the sleep-wake cycle under dim light conditions, independent on the SCN circadian pacemaker. Recently, timed physical exercise under bright light has been shown to accelerate re-entrainment of circadian rhythms to an advanced sleep schedule. Physical exercise may enhance the phase-shift of circadian rhythm caused by bright light by changing light perception. In the field of sports medicine and exercise science, adjustment of the circadian rhythm is important to enable elite athletes to take a good sleep and enhance exercise performance, especially after inter-continental travel and jet lag.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phase-adjustment of human circadian rhythms by light and physical exercise

Yamanaka

Waterhouse

2016

JPFSM

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“…This ability of melatonin to advance or delay clock timing depending on the biological time of administration has been described in terms of a phase response curve (PRC) (Lewy et al 1992, Middleton et al 1997, Revell & Eastman 2005, Burgess et al 2008. The magnitude of the phase shift is dose-dependent (Deacon & Arendt 1995, Burgess et al 2010.…”

Section: Chronobiotic Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

60 YEARS OF NEUROENDOCRINOLOGY: Regulation of mammalian neuroendocrine physiology and rhythms by melatonin

Johnston¹,

Skene²

2015

Journal of Endocrinology

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The isolation of melatonin was first reported in 1958. Since the demonstration that pineal melatonin synthesis reflects both daily and seasonal time, melatonin has become a key element of chronobiology research. In mammals, pineal melatonin is essential for transducing day-length information into seasonal physiological responses. Due to its lipophilic nature, melatonin is able to cross the placenta and is believed to regulate multiple aspects of perinatal physiology. The endogenous daily melatonin rhythm is also likely to play a role in the maintenance of synchrony between circadian clocks throughout the adult body. Pharmacological doses of melatonin are effective in resetting circadian rhythms if taken at an appropriate time of day, and can acutely regulate factors such as body temperature and alertness, especially when taken during the day. Despite the extensive literature on melatonin physiology, some key questions remain unanswered. In particular, the amplitude of melatonin rhythms has been recently associated with diseases such as type 2 diabetes mellitus but understanding of the physiological significance of melatonin rhythm amplitude remains poorly understood.

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“…87 If this is the case, cholesterol levels, which rise in the morning, 88 would appear higher on remeasurement at the same time in the morning, masking the possible beneficial effect of melatonin. A posture-confounding effect (mechanism described above) on serum lipid concentrations upon morning venipuncture should also be considered.…”

Section: Effect Of Melatonin On Lipidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Melatonin and its use in atherosclerosis and dyslipidemia

Danilenko¹,

Ragino²

2013

CPT

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A review of pineal melatonin synthesis, regulation, and physiological effects indicates that not only does melatonin act as a hormonal signal of darkness, but also that it possesses antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Although oxidation and inflammation play a pivotal role in atherogenesis, no studies have investigated administration of melatonin for human arterial atherosclerosis. However, 13 clinical trials have investigated use of melatonin in dyslipidemia, which is a close correlate of atherosclerosis. The results of these clinical trials, particularly the five that are placebo-controlled, are inconclusive as to whether melatonin can normalize the blood lipid profile. Significant confounders in these studies might be a phase shift of the cholesterol rhythm by melatonin, a posture effect at venipuncture, uncontrolled diet during the course of melatonin intake, and the phenomenon of regression to the mean. Thus, future studies are required, which should also consider use of higher doses of melatonin and/or measurement of oxidized forms of cholesterol-containing particles (which are the most aggressive in relation to atherogenesis) in addition to lipidic fractions.

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Human Phase Response Curves to Three Days of Daily Melatonin: 0.5 mgVersus3.0 mg

Abstract: The optimal administration time for advances and delays is later for the lower dose of melatonin. When each dose of melatonin is given at its optimal time, both yield similarly sized advances and delays.

Cited by 183 publications

References 22 publications

Phase-adjustment of human circadian rhythms by light and physical exercise

Phase-adjustment of human circadian rhythms by light and physical exercise

60 YEARS OF NEUROENDOCRINOLOGY: Regulation of mammalian neuroendocrine physiology and rhythms by melatonin

Melatonin and its use in atherosclerosis and dyslipidemia

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