Human pharmaceuticals in US surface waters: A human health risk assessment

Schwab, Bradley W.; Hayes, Eileen P.; Fiori, Janice M.; Mastrocco, Frank; Roden, Nicholas M.; Cragin, David; Meyerhoff, Roger D.; D’Aco, Vincent J.; Anderson, Paul D.

doi:10.1016/j.yrtph.2005.05.005

Cited by 368 publications

(194 citation statements)

References 63 publications

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“…Debska et al, 2004;Santos et al, 2007;Schwab et al, 2005). Caffeine's effect on the environment is not well understood, but does not appear to give cause for concern to freshwater organisms at currently detected concentrations (Moore et al, 2008).…”

Section: Lifestyle and Personal Care Productsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Of the 67 compounds assessed only 7 had PEC/PNEC>1 and only 11 had PEC/PNEC>0.1. Schwab et al (2005) and Cunningham et al (2009) presented human health risk assessments for a range of active pharmaceutical ingredients and/or their metabolites, representing different drug classes, using environmental monitoring data. ADIs were used to estimate PNECs for both drinking water and fish ingestion.…”

Section: Risk Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Review of risk from potential emerging contaminants in UK groundwater

Stuart

Lapworth

Crane

et al. 2012

Science of The Total Environment

654

284

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This paper provides a review of the types of emerging organic groundwater contaminants (EGCs) which are beginning to be found in the UK. EGCs are compounds being found in groundwater that were previously not detectable or known to be significant and can come from agricultural, urban and rural point sources. EGCs include nanomaterials, pesticides, pharmaceuticals, industrial compounds, personal care products, fragrances, water treatment by-products, flame retardants and surfactants, as well as caffeine and nicotine. Many are relatively small polar molecules which may not be effectively removed by drinking water treatment. Data from the UK Environment Agency's groundwater screening programme for organic pollutants found within the 30 most frequently detected compounds a number of EGCs such as pesticide metabolites, caffeine and DEET. Specific determinands frequently detected include pesticides metabolites, pharmaceuticals including carbamazepine and triclosan, nicotine, food additives and alkyl phosphates. This paper discusses the routes by which these compounds enter groundwater, their toxicity and potential risks to drinking water and the environment. It identifies challenges that need to be met to minimise risk to drinking water and ecosystems.

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Section: Lifestyle and Personal Care Productsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Risk Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of risk from potential emerging contaminants in UK groundwater

Stuart

Lapworth

Crane

et al. 2012

Science of The Total Environment

654

284

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Unfortunately, sulfonamides are only metabolized partially in animals after therapeutic treatments, and it has been estimated that approximately 30-90 % of antibiotics are excreted through urine and feces (Zessel et al 2014). Due to ineffective or inappropriate treatment of these animal wastes, the antibiotics are discharged ultimately into the environments (Bao et al 2014;Schwab et al 2005;Tamtam et al 2008). As a result, the sulfonamides are found frequently in the surface/ground water, soils, sediments, and even in the drinking water (Batt et al 2006;Heberer 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Removal of sulfamethazine antibiotics using cow manure-based carbon adsorbents

Tzeng

Liu

Deng

et al. 2016

Int. J. Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Low-cost adsorbents, e.g., cow manure-based carbon, provide alternatives to remove veterinary antibiotic sulfamethazine (SMT) from contaminated water bodies. In this study, the chemical structures and compositions of cow manure (CM) carbonized at 400, 600, and 800°C (CM400, CM600, and CM800) were examined using elemental analyzer (EA), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller, and spectroscopic techniques. Adsorptions of SMT on CM samples were conducted as functions of pH, hydrophobicity, and ionic strengths. Results of EA and spectroscopic analyses suggested that the raw CM and CM400 samples contained the highest amounts of O-containing groups and aliphatic domains. Amounts of such two chemical groups decreased as carbonization temperatures increased. The specific surface areas and total pore volumes of CM samples increased significantly when the carbonization temperatures exceeded 600°C. SMT adsorption on CM samples could be described essentially by the pseudo-second-order kinetic, intra-particle diffusion, and Freundlich isotherm models. Low pH and ionic strength were favorable for SMT adsorption in CM samples, particularly for the CM800, because a strong p ? -p electron donor-acceptor interaction (p ? -p EDA) was formed between SMT and CM surfaces enriched with hydrophobic domains. Further, the high adsorption affinity of SMT to the CM600 and CM800 samples was attributed in part to their larger surface areas and total pore volumes. Generally, CM-based materials carbonized [600°C showed relatively stable structures and exhibited strong aromatic properties. Moreover, maximum adsorption capacities of SMT on the CM800 sample (37-39 mM/kg) were significantly higher than those of other common adsorbents (0.02-35.93 mM/kg).

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“…Schwab ve ark. yaptığı çalışmada yüzey suların-da belirlenen ve mataboliti aktif olan ilaçlar sıralamasında kardiyovasküler ilaçlar üst sıralarda yer almaktadır (23). Çalışmamızda da birden fazla ilaç kullanan hasta sahibi ailelerde kullanım süresi geçmiş kardiyovasküler ilaçlara sıklıkla rastlanmıştır.…”

Section: Gereç Ve Yöntemunclassified

Evlerde bulunan kullanım dışı ilaçlarla ilgili toplum farkındalığının araştırılması: bir pilot çalışma

Köse¹,

Battal²,

Aktaş³

2013

mpj

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GİRİŞİlaçlar doğru kullanıldığında, hastalıklara şifa olmasına rağmen kullanım süresi geçtiğinde veya kullanım dışı kaldığında vücudumuzda ne gibi etkilere yol açacağı öngörülemez bir durumdur. Bu etkiler, ilacın hangi koşullarda saklandığına, son kullanım süresinin ne kadar aşıldığına ve ne tür ilaçlarla aynı ortamda bulunduğu gibi pek çok etkene bağlıdır. İlaç kullanılmadan veya tamamen tüketilmeden kişinin sağlık durumunun düzelme-si, terapötik etkisi olmadığı için veya yan etkilerinden dolayı kullanımının hasta veya doktora bağlı olarak bırakılması, hastanın ilacı kullanmayı reddetmesi, ambalajın hastanın ihtiyacından fazla ilaç içermesi, tamamen tüketilmeden önce ilacın kullanım süresinin dolması gibi nedenlerle, tüketiciler ya da sağlık kurumlarında ilaç kullanılmayarak, atık durumuna dönüşebilir. İlaç üretiminin her yıl giderek büyük hacimlere ulaşması, beraberinde kullanım dışı kalmış ilaçların miktarını da artır-maktadır (1).Hastaların ilaçların kullanımı hakkında yeterli bilgiye sahip olmamaları, hastanın tedavisinin yarım kalmasına sonrasında ise kullanılan ilaçların atık ilaç durumuna düşerek evlerdeki atık ilaç sayısı-nın artmasına neden olmaktadır. Özellikle çocuk-lu ailelerde bulunan ilaçlar potansiyel zehirlenme riski taşır. Bu ailelerde miadını doldurmadığı halde riskli olan ilaçlar, atık ilaç olmasıyla daha da riskli hale gelmektedir. Amerika Birleşik Devletleri'nde ilaçların teminatsız depolama veya bertaraf edilmesinden dolayı en yaygın kaza ilaç zehirlenmeleridir. ABD'de, her yıl beş yaşın altın-da çok sayıda çocuk kasıtsız zehirlenme sonucu ölmektedir (2). Evlerde bulunan kullanım dışı

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Human pharmaceuticals in US surface waters: A human health risk assessment

Cited by 368 publications

References 63 publications

Review of risk from potential emerging contaminants in UK groundwater

Review of risk from potential emerging contaminants in UK groundwater

Removal of sulfamethazine antibiotics using cow manure-based carbon adsorbents

Evlerde bulunan kullanım dışı ilaçlarla ilgili toplum farkındalığının araştırılması: bir pilot çalışma

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