Human Pathogenic Viruses in the Marine Environment

Bosch, Albert; Abad, F. Xavier; Pintó, Rosa M.

doi:10.1007/0-387-23709-7_5

Cited by 25 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 144 publications

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“…10 Thus, the disease cholera can no longer be considered a simple equation of bacteria and human host, but represents a complex network that includes global weather patterns, aquatic reservoirs, phages, zooplankton and collective behaviour of surface-attached cells. 29 A rise of 50 mm in rainfall 3 weeks earlier explained 2.5% of case augmentation. For proper comparison, we would ideally refer to studies from the same region with comparable parameters of population, environment etc., but such results are not available.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Influence of temperature and rainfall on the evolution of cholera epidemics in Lusaka, Zambia, 2003–2006: analysis of a time series

Fernández

Bauernfeind

Jiménez

et al. 2009

Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygi

103

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Influence of temperature and rainfall on the evolution of cholera epidemics in Lusaka, Zambia, 2003–2006: analysis of a time series

Fernández

Bauernfeind

Jiménez

et al. 2009

Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygi

103

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“…Toothed whales have potential for viral outbreaks and have lost function of a gene that is key to the antiviral response in other mammalian lineages ( 71 ). If they are susceptible to SARS-CoV-2, human-to-animal transmission could pose a risk through sewage outfall ( 72 ) and contaminated refuse from cities, commercial vessels, and cruise liners ( 73 ). Our results have practical implications for populations of threatened species in the wild and those under human care (including those in zoos).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Broad host range of SARS-CoV-2 predicted by comparative and structural analysis of ACE2 in vertebrates

Damas

Hughes

Keough

et al. 2020

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

570

641

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The novel coronavirus severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the cause of COVID-19. The main receptor of SARS-CoV-2, angiotensin I converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), is now undergoing extensive scrutiny to understand the routes of transmission and sensitivity in different species. Here, we utilized a unique dataset of ACE2 sequences from 410 vertebrate species, including 252 mammals, to study the conservation of ACE2 and its potential to be used as a receptor by SARS-CoV-2. We designed a five-category binding score based on the conservation properties of 25 amino acids important for the binding between ACE2 and the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. Only mammals fell into the medium to very high categories and only catarrhine primates into the very high category, suggesting that they are at high risk for SARS-CoV-2 infection. We employed a protein structural analysis to qualitatively assess whether amino acid changes at variable residues would be likely to disrupt ACE2/SARS-CoV-2 spike protein binding and found the number of predicted unfavorable changes significantly correlated with the binding score. Extending this analysis to human population data, we found only rare (frequency <0.001) variants in 10/25 binding sites. In addition, we found significant signals of selection and accelerated evolution in the ACE2 coding sequence across all mammals, and specific to the bat lineage. Our results, if confirmed by additional experimental data, may lead to the identification of intermediate host species for SARS-CoV-2, guide the selection of animal models of COVID-19, and assist the conservation of animals both in native habitats and in human care.

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“…Previous studies from 1970s -1980s on viruses in coastal waters focused on EVs due to the ability to detect these viruses using standard-cell culture monolayer methods. The level of EVs reported per liter of sample analyzed ranged from 0.007 to 2.6 PFU; 0.05 to 16 TCID 50 ; 0.05 to 6.5 MPNCU as summarized by Bosch et al (2005). Recent investigations have introduced PCR detection and quantification of enterovirus genomes by qPCR followed by molecular characterization of the EV types including identification of other human picornaviruses by amplicon sequencing.…”

Section: Occurrence In Coastal Watersmentioning

confidence: 99%