Human-pathogenic relapsing fever Borrelia found in bats from Central China phylogenetically clustered together with relapsing fever borreliae reported in the New World

Li, Zemin; Xiao, Xiao; Zhou, Chunkui; Liu, Jianxiao; Gu, Xun; Fang, Li-Zhu; Liu, Bin-Yan; Wang, Lianrong; Yu, Xue‐Jie; Han, Hui-Ju

doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0009113

Cited by 15 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…All the specimen were stored at −80℃ until use. Bat species were preliminary identified by morphology, and then confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification and sequencing of the cytochrome B ( cytB ) gene as described previously (Li et al., 2021). Bat flies and bat mites were molecularly identified by the cytochrome oxidase subunit I ( COI ) and mitochondrial 16S rRNA genes (Bruyndonckx et al., 2009) (Table S2; Castro et al., 2002; Folmer et al., 1994).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Bats and their ectoparasites (Nycteribiidae and Spinturnicidae) carry diverse novel Bartonella genotypes, China

Han

Li³

et al. 2021

Transbounding Emerging Dis

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Bartonella species are facultative intracellular bacteria and recognized worldwide as emerging zoonotic pathogens. Bartonella were isolated or identified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in bats and their ectoparasites worldwide, whereas the association between them was scarce, especially in Asia. In this study, a retrospective analysis with frozen samples was carried out to identify the genetic diversity of Bartonella in bats and their ectoparasites and to investigate the relationships of Bartonella carried by bats and their ectoparasites. Bats and their ectoparasites (bat flies and bat mites) were collected from caves in Hubei Province, Central China, from May 2018 to July 2020. Bartonella were screened by PCR amplification and sequencing of three genes (gltA, rpoB, and ftsZ). Bats, bat flies, and bat mites carried diverse novel Bartonella genotypes with a high prevalence. The sharing of some Bartonella genotypes between bats and bat flies or bat mites indicated a potential role of bat flies and bat mites as vectors of bartonellae, while the higher genetic diversity of Bartonella in bat flies than that in bats might be due to the vertical transmission of this bacterium in bat flies. Therefore, bat flies might also act as reservoirs of Bartonella. In addition, human‐pathogenic B. mayotimonesis was identified in both bats and their ectoparasites, which expanded our knowledge on the geographic distribution of this bacterium and suggested a potential bat origin with bat flies and bat mites playing important roles in the maintenance and transmission of Bartonella.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…All the specimen were stored at −80°C until use. Bat species were preliminary identified by morphology, and then confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification and sequencing of the cytochrome B (cytB) gene as described previously (Li et al, 2021).…”

Section: Sampling and Species Identification Of Bats And Their Ectopa...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Bats and their ectoparasites (Nycteribiidae and Spinturnicidae) carry diverse novel Bartonella genotypes, China

Han

Li³

et al. 2021

Transbounding Emerging Dis

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“…The name B. johnsonii was given in honor of Dr. Russell C. Johnson [57]. Bats, tick-borne illness to be defined [56,67,68] Geographical Distribution STBRF is endemic in the western United States, predominately in mountain regions, in 12 US states, namely Arizona, California, Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, North Dakota, Oregon, Texas, Utah, and Washington. Most RF cases in the US are caused by Borrelia hermsii and transmitted by Ornithodoros hermsi soft ticks, which typically live in nests of rodents such as ground squirrels, tree squirrels, and chipmunks in coniferous forests at altitudes between a 500 and 2500 m. Soft ticks can acquire RF Borrelia by feeding on infected rodents, the reservoir hosts.…”

Section: New World Strainsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Borreliae Part 2: Borrelia Relapsing Fever Group and Unclassified Borrelia

Trevisan

Cinco

Trevisini

et al. 2021

Biology

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Borreliae of the relapsing fever group (RFG) are heterogenous and can be divided mainly into three groups according to vectors, namely the soft-tick-borne relapsing fever (STBRF) Borreliae, the hard-tick-borne relapsing fever (HTBRF) Borreliae, the louse-borne relapsing fever (LBRF) Borreliae, and the avian relapsing fever ones. With respect to the geographical distribution, the STBRF Borreliae are further subdivided into Old World and New World strains. Except for the Avian relapsing fever group Borreliae, which cause avian spirochetosis, all the others share infectivity in humans. They are indeed the etiological agent of both endemic and epidemic forms of relapsing fever, causing high spirochaetemia and fever. Vectors are primarily soft ticks of Ornithodoros spp. in the STBRF group; hard ticks, notably Ixodes sp., Amblyomma sp., Dermacentor sp., and Rhipicephalus sp., in the HTBRF group; and the louse pediculus humanus humanus in the TBRF one. A recent hypothesis was supported for a common ancestor of RFG Borreliae, transmitted at the beginning by hard-body ticks. Accordingly, STBRF Borreliae switched to use soft-bodied ticks as a vector, which was followed by the use of lice by Borrelia recurrentis. There are also new candidate species of Borreliae, at present unclassified, which are also described in this review.

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“…Initially distinguished by geography and vector types, the RF Borrelia used to be arbitrarily grouped into the Old World (Palearctic-Afrotropic ecozone) and the New World (Nearctic ecozone) Borreliae [ 2 ]. With recently increasing report of novel species, such as Candidatus Borrelia javanense , in total 27 RF Borrelia species spirochetes have been identified to date [ 5 ]. At least three RF Borrelia species have been documented in China, including the identification of B. miyamoti in Heilongjiang; Candidatus Borrelia javanense in ticks in Guangxi; Candidatus Borrelia fainii in bats in Hubei and Shandong according to the recent studies [ 5–8 ].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…With recently increasing report of novel species, such as Candidatus Borrelia javanense , in total 27 RF Borrelia species spirochetes have been identified to date [ 5 ]. At least three RF Borrelia species have been documented in China, including the identification of B. miyamoti in Heilongjiang; Candidatus Borrelia javanense in ticks in Guangxi; Candidatus Borrelia fainii in bats in Hubei and Shandong according to the recent studies [ 5–8 ]. Generally, reports on human disease are few and the studies were limited to the northeastern region.…”

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confidence: 99%

Molecular detection and identification of relapsing fever Borrelia in ticks and wild small mammals in China

Zhang

Tian

et al. 2022

Emerging Microbes & Infections

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We identified relapsing fever (RF) Borrelia in 1.45% (145/10426) of the ticks and 1.40% (40/2850) of the wild mammals in a field investigation in China. Three RF Borrelia species, including human-pathogenic Borrelia miyamotoi , Borrelia persic a and unclassified Babesia sp. were determined. Main species determined from ticks was B. miyamotoi (44.14%), followed by the unclassified Borrelia sp. (42.76%), and Borrelia theileri (13.10%). In wild mammals, main species found was B. persica (57.50%), followed by the unclassified Borrelia sp. (40.00%), and B. miyamotoi (2.50%). We determined B. theileri and B. persica in China for the first time . The coexistence of RF Borrelia species in one tick species in a given region was observed, with the most frequent coexistence seen for B. miyamotoi and the unclassified Borrelia sp. in Dermacentor silvarum, Haemaphysalis japonica, Haemaphysalis longicornis, and Ixodes persulcatuss respectively. The wide distribution and high variety of RF Borrelia in China pose a potential threat to public health.

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Human-pathogenic relapsing fever Borrelia found in bats from Central China phylogenetically clustered together with relapsing fever borreliae reported in the New World

Cited by 15 publications

References 31 publications

Bats and their ectoparasites (Nycteribiidae and Spinturnicidae) carry diverse novel Bartonella genotypes, China

Bats and their ectoparasites (Nycteribiidae and Spinturnicidae) carry diverse novel Bartonella genotypes, China

Borreliae Part 2: Borrelia Relapsing Fever Group and Unclassified Borrelia

Molecular detection and identification of relapsing fever Borrelia in ticks and wild small mammals in China

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