Human Pathogenic Fungi Recovered From Soil in an Area Endemic for North American Blastomtcosis 1

McDonough, E. S.; Ajello, Libero; Ausherman, Robert J.; Balows, Albert; McClellan, James T.; Brinkman, Sherry A.

doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a120167

Cited by 9 publications

(8 citation statements)

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“…When Ajello analyzed 2,626 soil samples, C. albicans and Cryptococcus neoformans were recovered from 17 samples only (1). Later, McDonough and his collaborators obtained 10 Cryptococcus neoformans isolates from 842 soil samples (10). These investigators seconded the view of di Menna that pathogenic yeasts thrive poorly in soil and that their occurrence in soil was a fortuitous event (3).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ecology of pathogenic yeasts in Amazonian soil

Mok¹,

Luizão²,

Silva³

et al. 1984

Appl Environ Microbiol

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In an investigation of Amazonian soil as a natural reservoir for pathogenic fungi, 1,949 soil samples collected from diverse geographical and ecological settings of the Brazilian Amazon Basin were analyzed for the presence of non-keratinophilic fungi by the indirect mouse inoculation procedure and for the presence of keratinophilic fungi by the hair bait technique. All soil samples were acidic with low pH values. From 12% of the soil samples, 241 yeast and yeastlike isolates pertaining to six genera and 82 species were recovered, of which 63% were Torulopsis and 26% were Candida species. Nine fungi with known pathogenic potentials were encountered among 43% (104) of the isolates: T. glabrata, C. guilliermondii, C. albicans, C. pseudotropicalis, C. stellatoidea, C. tropicalis, Rhodotorula rubra, and Wangiella dermatitidis. The yeast flora was marked by species diversity, low frequency of each species, random geographical distribution, and an apparent lack of species clustering. The composition and distribution of the yeast flora in soil differed from those of the yeast flora harbored by bats, suggesting that the Amazonian external environment and internal bat organs act as independent natural habitats for yeasts.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ecology of pathogenic yeasts in Amazonian soil

Mok¹,

Luizão²,

Silva³

et al. 1984

Appl Environ Microbiol

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“…Just as the reasons for the presence of Histoplasma and Coccidioides in more less limited geographical areas are unknown so are we in the dark about the reason why B. dermatitidis is so elusive to demonstration in nature. On the one hand, it has been well established that the fungus can be grown experimentally on soil, tree bark and the like, on the other it is an accepted fact that soil has a lytic function upon B. dermatitidis (McDonough et al 1965 and1973). Furthermore, dust producing maneuvers were connected with group infections of exposed persons in histoplasmosis and coccidioidomycosis and dozens of epidemics ranging from a few people to groups estimated in the hundred thousands are on record.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiology and Epidemics of Blastomycosis

Schwarz

1983

Mycoses

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Summary: In contrast to H. capsulatum and Coccidioides immitis, which have been isolated from soil many times, B. dermatitidis was isolated but rarely. Dozens of outbreaks of histoplasmosis and coccidoidomycosis have been reported, but only four of blastomycosis. Mycolytic factors in soil lyse B. dermatitidis with greater aggressiveness than H. capsulatum and Pseudoallescheria boydii. The almost simultaneous infection observed in man and dogs points to sources of infection in nature and in the same direction point the albeit scarce epidemics. Zusammenfassung: Im Gegensatz zu H. capsulatum und Coccidioides immitis, die häufig aus Erdproben kultiviert wurden, wurde Blastomyces dermatitidis nur selten isoliert. Dutzende von Epidemien von Histoplasmose und Coccidioidomykose sind publiziert worden, aber nur vier derartige Ausbrüche von Blastomykose. Mycolytische Faktoren in der Erde wirken stärker auf B. dermatitidis als auf H. capsulatum und Pseudoallescheria boydii. Eine fast gleichzeitige Erkrankung bei einen Menschen und seinem Hunde weisen auf einen infektiösen Herd in der Natur hin; in die gleiche Richtung deuten auch die Epidemien der Blastomykose.

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“…It had been stored in a screw-capped glass bottle at room temperature for a least 16 months before B. dermatitidis was isolated from it by Denton. Paradoxically, when tested shortly after collection by the original collector, this soil specimen had given negative results (142). As with the other positive soils, despite repeated efforts, the "positive" Kentucky soil never yielded the fungus again.…”

Section: Prevalence-lowver Animalsmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…That the slime flux of this tree may have a selective property for C. neoformans is suggested by the absence of this fungus from exudates of the saguaro (Cereus giganteus), cottonwood (Populus fremontii), and desert oak (Quercus oblongifolia). C. neoformans also has been isolated from wood (142) and soil (3,86,117,118,189). These findings indicate that C. neoformans may live in soil free from avian droppings in low numbers, owing to competitive pressure exerted by other soil microorganisms.…”

Section: Natural Habitatmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Ecology of Respiratory Mycotic Disease Agents 1

Ajello¹

1967

Bacteriological Reviews

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Gilchrist and Stokes 89 Coccidioides immitis 1900 Ophuls and Moffitt 162 Cryptococcus neoformans 1894 San Felice 181 Histoplasma capsulatum 1934 De Monbreun 51 medical attention as secondary invaders in chronic, debilitating diseases such as cancer, diabetes mellitus, and tuberculosis, or when chemotherapeutic and immunorepressive measures, undertaken for the control of bacterial diseases or neoplasms, interfere with the patient's defense mechanisms. Accordingly, we will not take up such organisms as Aspergillus fumigatus, Candida albicans, Geotrichum candidum, and various species of zygomycetes. We will discuss only those fungi that are almost invariably primary pathogens and that are most frequently encountered as pulmonary disease agents. These species are: Blastomyces dermatitidis, Coccidioides immitis, Cryptococcus neoformans, and Histoplasma capsulatum.

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Human Pathogenic Fungi Recovered From Soil in an Area Endemic for North American Blastomtcosis 1

Cited by 9 publications

References 0 publications

Ecology of pathogenic yeasts in Amazonian soil

Ecology of pathogenic yeasts in Amazonian soil

Epidemiology and Epidemics of Blastomycosis

Comparative Ecology of Respiratory Mycotic Disease Agents 1

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