Human parechovius and enterovirus in neonates: Distinct infections with overlapping features

Cilla, Amaia; Megías, Gregoria; Suarez, Joaquín; Ojeda, Eva; Cabrerizo, María; Arnáez, Juan

doi:10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2015.05.005

Cited by 12 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Our new data suggest that combined compartment (plasma combined with CSF) biomarker profiles more than individual compartment biomarkers are distinctive and characteristic of EV vs PeV-A3 infections in young infants. This notion is supported by other studies [ 7 , 8 ] but needs to be confirmed in studies with larger numbers of patients.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

Host Immune Response to Enterovirus and Parechovirus Systemic Infections in Children

Sasidharan

Hassan

Harrison

et al. 2020

Open Forum Infectious Diseases

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Background Enterovirus (EV) and Parechovirus type A3 (PeV-A3) cause infections ranging from asymptomatic to life-threatening. Host immune responses in children, particularly innate responses to PeV-A3, remain largely unknown. The aim of this study was to determine aspects of the cytokine/chemokine responses to EV and PeV-A3 in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and plasma obtained from children with systemic/central nervous system infection. Methods A total of 74 salvaged CSF samples (27 with EV, 23 PeV-A3, and 24 neither EV nor PeV-A3) and 35 paired blood samples (10 EV, 14 PeV-A3, and 11 neither) were studied. Concentrations of cytokines and chemokines were measured using a customized 21-plex MILLIPLEX MAP® Human Cytokine/Chemokine Magnetic Bead Panel. Additionally, clinical characteristics data for all the patients were collected from Electronic Medical Records to evaluate the potential association between the immune response and presentations. Results We demonstrate that EV and PeV-A3 infections induce different cytokine/chemokine immune responses in children. EV induces more robust responses in CSF with significantly elevated levels of fractalkine, IFN-α2, IFN-γ, IL-1Rα, IL-4, IL-8, and TNF-α ; PeV-A3 induces less robust or absent responses in CSF but robust responses in plasma with significantly higher concentrations of IFN-α2, IL-15, IL-1Rα, IP-10, and MCP-1 . Conclusions High cytokine/chemokine concentrations in plasma of PeV-A3 patients compared to EV patients could explain higher/more prolonged fever in PeV-A3 patients, whereas relatively low cytokine/chemokine concentrations in PeV-A3 CSF might explain the absence of CSF pleocytosis.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

Host Immune Response to Enterovirus and Parechovirus Systemic Infections in Children

Sasidharan

Hassan

Harrison

et al. 2020

Open Forum Infectious Diseases

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“…Human Enteroviruses (EVs) belong to the Enterovirus genus of the Picornaviridae family and are widespread viruses transmitted through faecal-oral and respiratory routes or through contact with contaminated fluids and surfaces ( 1 ). Nowadays, more than 100 types of EVs have been identified which can have significant effects on human health ( 1 ); the clinical manifestations of EV infections may range from mild nonspecific conditions to severe diseases whose clinical characteristics are generally associated with the type of EV involved ( 2 ). EVs can cause severe central nervous system (CNS) infections, including aseptic meningitis, encephalitis, and acute flaccid myelitis/paralysis, especially among children under 15 years of age ( 1 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Systemic infections (such as sepsis-like illness and fever of unknown origin) have also been reported among patients with EV infections ( 1 ). In general, the most severe outcomes and life-threatening complications of EV infections have been reported in children under 5 years of age ( 1 , 2 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contribution of Enteroviruses to Acute Central Nervous System or Systemic Infections in Northern Italy (2015-2017): Is It Time to Establish a National Laboratory-Based Surveillance System?

Piralla

Pellegrinelli

Giardina

et al. 2020

BioMed Research International

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Background. Enteroviruses (EVs) can cause infections and outbreaks of mild to severe diseases, such as central nervous system (CNS) and systemic infections. The contribution of EVs to acute CNS/systemic infections requiring hospitalization was assessed by analysing data extracted from virology laboratory database. Methods. Real-life data obtained from two molecular virology laboratories located in Northern Italy were retrieved from databases and analysed retrospectively. The queries used to extract the data were (i) requests for EV-RNA detection in clear cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) specimens collected from hospitalized patients with suspected acute CNS (including aseptic meningitis, encephalitis, and acute flaccid myelitis/paralysis) or systemic infections (sepsis-like illness or fever (≥ 38°C) of unknown origin), (ii) CSF samples collected from January 1st, 2015, to December 31st, 2017. Results. 582 requests of EV-RNA detection in CSF samples collected from as many patients of any age were recorded. EV-RNA was detected in 4.5% of the CSF samples; 92.3% of EV-positive cases were patients<15 years, 58.3% of whom were < 3 months. EVs circulated all-year-round, and the highest EV-positive rates were observed from May to August. The risk of EV infection and the relative illness ratio value among children<1−year−old were significantly higher than those observed for older patients. Conclusions. EV surveillance should be carried out for all pediatric patients<15 years and especially children less than 1 year of age with clinically suspected CNS infection/systemic infections. The implementation of a laboratory-based surveillance established for analysing the virological data provided by laboratories that routinely perform EV molecular testing may enable us to determine the impact of EVs that can cause infections requiring hospitalization.

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“…Coxsackieviruses (CV)‐B, echovirus (E)‐11, and HPeV‐3 are most commonly associated with severe neonatal sepsis‐like illness [Verboon‐Maciolek et al, ; Khetsuriani et al, ; Harvala et al, ]. In Spain, reports on infections caused by HPeVs are limited [Piñeiro et al, ; Cabrerizo et al, ; Cilla et al, ]. In addition, no epidemiological studies have been conducted regarding the prevalence of both EVs and HPeVs in young children.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular epidemiology of enterovirus and parechovirus infections according to patient age over a 4‐year period in Spain

Cabrerizo

Díaz-Cerio

Muñoz-Almagro

et al. 2016

Journal of Medical Virology

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The epidemiology and clinical association of enterovirus (EV) and parechovirus (HPeV) infections, as well as the type-distribution-according-to-age, were determined during a 4-year study period in Spain. During 2010-2013, a total of 21,832 clinical samples were screened for EV and the detection frequency was 6.5% (1,430). Of the total EV-negative samples, only 1,873 samples from 2011 to 2013 were available for HPeV testing. HPeV was detected in 42 (2%) of them. Positive samples were genotyped using PCR and sequencing. EV infections occurred in all age groups of patients: neonates (17%), children 28 days to 2 years (29%), children 2-14 years (40%), and adults (14%). Thirty-four different EV types were identified. HPeV infections were detected exclusively in infants<8 m (70% neonates, P < 0.05). All but one HPeV were HPeV-3. Differences in type frequency detection were found according to age and clinical manifestation. Coxsackievirus (CV)-B4 (61%), CV-B5 (83%), and HPeV-3 (64%) were more frequent in neonates than in older patients (P < 0.05). Echovirus (E)-3 (60%), E-18 (47%), E-25 (62%), CV-A6 (61%), CV-A16 (72%), and EV-71 (75%) were mainly detected in children 28 days to 2 years (P < 0.05), whereas, E-6 (79%), E-20 (88%), and E-30 (85%) were predominant in children >2 years and adults (P < 0.05). Clinically, meningitis was associated with EV (P < 0.01) whereas, encephalitis was more frequent in HPeV-infected patients. CV-B types were associated with myocarditis (90%; P < 0.05) and EV species A with hand-foot-mouth-disease/atypical exanthema (88%; P < 0.05). J. Med. Virol. 89:435-442, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

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Human parechovius and enterovirus in neonates: Distinct infections with overlapping features

Cited by 12 publications

References 12 publications

Host Immune Response to Enterovirus and Parechovirus Systemic Infections in Children

Host Immune Response to Enterovirus and Parechovirus Systemic Infections in Children

Contribution of Enteroviruses to Acute Central Nervous System or Systemic Infections in Northern Italy (2015-2017): Is It Time to Establish a National Laboratory-Based Surveillance System?

Molecular epidemiology of enterovirus and parechovirus infections according to patient age over a 4‐year period in Spain

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