Human Parechoviruses, New Players in the Pathogenesis of Viral Meningitis

Benschop, Kimberley; Wildenbeest, Joanne G; Wolthers, Katja C.

doi:10.5772/30816

Cited by 4 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 101 publications

(225 reference statements)

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“…Following EVs, the second most frequent viral cause of CNS disease is HPeV [ 143 ], which belongs to the Parechovirus genus. The HPeV species are only found in primates and now consists of 16 types [ 12 ]. The disease spectrum is similar to that of EV infections, although HPeV infection is almost exclusively seen in children.…”

Section: Flaviviridaementioning

confidence: 99%

“…HPeV3 infection in adults is often asymptomatic or elicits minor disease such as myalgia [ 83 ], whereas severe HPeV3 disease in immunocompromised adults is increasingly acknowledged [ 78 ]. Children infected with HPeV3 are usually younger than 3 months of age and often present with fever, feeding problems and irritability as signs of CNS involvement [ 12 ]. In neonatal encephalitis, HPeV3 infection shows specific white matter involvement extending into the subcortical white matter involving entire tracts of fibers.…”

Section: Flaviviridaementioning

confidence: 99%

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Neurotropic virus infections as the cause of immediate and delayed neuropathology

et al. 2015

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A wide range of viruses from different virus families in different geographical areas, may cause immediate or delayed neuropathological changes and neurological manifestations in humans and animals. Infection by neurotropic viruses as well as the resulting immune response can irreversibly disrupt the complex structural and functional architecture of the central nervous system, frequently leaving the patient or affected animal with a poor or fatal prognosis. Mechanisms that govern neuropathogenesis and immunopathogenesis of viral infections are highlighted, using examples of well-studied virus infections that are associated with these alterations in different populations throughout the world. A better understanding of the molecular, epidemiological and biological characteristics of these infections and in particular of mechanisms that underlie their clinical manifestations may be expected to provide tools for the development of more effective intervention strategies and treatment regimens.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s00401-015-1511-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Section: Flaviviridaementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Flaviviridaementioning

confidence: 99%

Neurotropic virus infections as the cause of immediate and delayed neuropathology

et al. 2015

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“…This supports their enhanced growth and replication and probably explains the more severe central nervous system (CNS) pathology seen 33‐35 . The fact that Tall‐like receptor 7 and 8 play important innate immune response against PeV‐A1 and possibly PeV‐A3 further support severe CNS presentation of PeV‐A1 and 3 infection, more especially in children due to inhibition of axonal growth and induction of neuronal apoptosis 36‐38 . The nineteen genotypes were largely described in association with gastrointestinal or respiratory symptoms.…”

Section: Epidemiology and Pathogenesismentioning

confidence: 91%

“…[33][34][35] The fact that Tall-like receptor 7 and 8 play important innate immune response against PeV-A1 and possibly PeV-A3 further support severe CNS presentation of PeV-A1 and 3 infection, more especially in children due to inhibition of axonal growth and induction of neuronal apoptosis. [36][37][38] The nineteen genotypes were largely described in association with gastrointestinal or respiratory symptoms. However, some genotypes have been implicated in musculoskeletal, cardiovascular, and central nervous system pathologies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human parechovirus are emerging pathogens with broad spectrum of clinical syndromes in adults

Kabuga

Nejati

Soheili

et al. 2020

Journal of Medical Virology

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Parechoviruses are emerging pathogens of humans often affecting the pediatric age group, with a growing line of evidence implicating them as agents of a broad spectrum of clinical syndromes in adults. However, because many clinicians are not familiar with the manifestation of the infections, they are not included in the list of diagnostic pathogens. Furthermore, due to the indistinguishable feature of the infection compared with other common pathogens, a large number of cases are likely to go unchecked. Some may develop asymptomatic infection and recover without overt clinical disease. In this manuscript, we reviewed available literature on parechovirus infection in adult and summarized information relating to epidemiology, clinical manifestation, laboratory diagnosis, and therapeutics. The information provided should help in early case detection and support an evidence‐based clinical decision.

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“…Human Parechovirus (HPeVs) infection commonly infect children under 5yr and mostly cause mild clinical symptoms but occasionally is associated with severe neurological manifestation like meningitis, encephalitis, encephalomyelitis or acute flaccid paralysis with HPeV3 causing more severe neurological diseases especially in neonates [8,9]. The different types of HPeVs show different cell tropism with HPeV 1 growing in cell culture more easily than HPeV 3 which is usually isolated serologically from CSF.…”

Section: Pathogenesis Picornavirusesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neuropathogenesis of Neurotropic Viruses

Abdullahi¹

2020

J Neurol Res Rev Rep

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Neuropathogenesis can simply be defined as the mechanisms of the origin, development and progression of the CNS disease which comprises both neuroinvasion and neurovirulence. Viruses that have the ability to induce neuropathogenesis are called neurotropic pathogens. The exact mechanisms of neuropathogenesis is still unknown, however, the following pathways have been proposed and include retrograde axonal transport, hematogenous spread from the peripheral blood to the cerebral blood vessesls across blood brain barrier, direct invasion of the endothelial cells and endocytosis across the viral receptors. The main neurotropic viral families are picornaviruses, arboviruses, paramixoviruses, arenaviruses and herpes family viruses. In this review, the main mechanisms of neuropathogenesis of the neurotropic members of these viral families was discussed

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Human Parechoviruses, New Players in the Pathogenesis of Viral Meningitis

Cited by 4 publications

References 101 publications

Neurotropic virus infections as the cause of immediate and delayed neuropathology

Neurotropic virus infections as the cause of immediate and delayed neuropathology

Human parechovirus are emerging pathogens with broad spectrum of clinical syndromes in adults

Neuropathogenesis of Neurotropic Viruses

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