Human parechoviruses?biology and clinical significance

Stanway, Glyn; Joki-Korpela, Päivi; Hyypiä, Timo

doi:10.1002/(sici)1099-1654(200001/02)10:1<57::aid-rmv266>3.0.co;2-h

Cited by 155 publications

(90 citation statements)

References 65 publications

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“…This age distribution is consistent with epidemiologic patterns seen for other picornaviruses that have comparably low antigenic variability and high attack rates, e.g., certain enteroviruses and human parechoviruses (25,26). These viruses infect a large part of the young human population and rarely infect adults.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Circulation of 3 Lineages of a Novel Saffold Cardiovirus in Humans

Drexler¹,

Luna²,

Stöcker³

et al. 2008

Emerg. Infect. Dis.

115

141

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Cardioviruses cause serious disease, mainly in rodents, including diabetes, myocarditis, encephalomyelitis, and multiple sclerosis-like disseminated encephalomyelitis. Recently, a human virus isolate obtained 25 years ago, termed Saffold virus, was sequenced and classifi ed as a cardiovirus. We conducted systematic molecular screening for Saffold-like viruses in 844 fecal samples from patients with gastroenteritis from Germany and Brazil, across all age groups. Six cardioviruses were identifi ed in patients <6 years of age. Viral loads were 283,305-5,044,412,175 copies/g of stool. Co-infections occurred in 4 of 6 children. No evidence for outbreak-like epidemic patterns was found. Phylogenetic analysis identifi ed 3 distinct genetic lineages. Viral protein 1 amino acids were 67.9%-77.7% identical and had a distance of at least 39.4% from known cardioviruses. Because closely related strains were found on 2 continents, global distribution in humans is suspected. Saffold-like viruses may be the fi rst human cardiovirus species to be identifi ed.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Circulation of 3 Lineages of a Novel Saffold Cardiovirus in Humans

Drexler¹,

Luna²,

Stöcker³

et al. 2008

Emerg. Infect. Dis.

115

141

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“…Picornaviruses consist of economically and socially very important human and animal viruses such as polioviruses, other enteroviruses, rhinoviruses, hepatitis A virus, footand-mouth disease virus and parechoviruses. Currently, parechoviruses consist of two species: human parechovirus (HPeV) and Ljungan virus (LV) (Johansson et al, 2002;Joki-Korpela & Hyypiä, 2001;Stanway & Hyypiä, 1999;Stanway et al, 2000). HPeVs are frequent infectious agents and although they usually cause mild gastroenteritis and respiratory disease in young children, more serious cases, such as flaccid paralysis, encephalitis and myocarditis, have also been reported, particularly associated with HPeV3 infection (Baumgarte et al, 2008;Benschop et al, 2006a Benschop et al, , 2008bEhrnst & Eriksson, 1993;Figueroa et al, 1989;Harvala et al, 2008Harvala et al, , 2009Joki-Korpela & Hyypiä, 2001).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recently, HPeV1 has also been linked to otitis media (Tauriainen et al, 2008). With the isolation of several HPeV types in recent studies AlSunaidi et al, 2007;Baumgarte et al, 2008;Benschop et al, 2006b; Drexler et al, 2009;Ito et al, 2004;Li et al, 2009), eight types (1-8) of HPeVs are currently known.HPeVs have several distinctive features compared with other picornaviruses (Ghazi et al, 1998;Hyypiä et al, 1992;Stanway et al, 1994Stanway et al, , 2000. Post-translational cleavage of the polyprotein results in only three structural proteins (VP0, VP3 and VP1), as the cleavage of VP0 to VP4 and VP2 seen in other picornaviruses does not occur (Stanway et al, 1994).…”

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confidence: 99%

Evolution and conservation in human parechovirus genomes

Williams

Panayiotou

Girling

et al. 2009

Journal of General Virology

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Human parechoviruses (HPeVs) are frequent pathogens with a seroprevalance of over 90 % in adults. Recent studies on these viruses have increased the number of HPeV types to eight. Here we analyse the complete genome of one clinical isolate, PicoBank/HPeV1/a, and VP1 and 3D protein sequences of PicoBank/HPeV6/a, isolated from the same individual 13 months later. PicoBank/HPeV1/a is closely related to other recent HPeV1 isolates but is distinct from the HPeV1 Harris prototype isolated 50 years ago. The availability of an increasing number of HPeV sequences has allowed a detailed analysis of these viruses. The results add weight to the observations that recombination plays a role in the generation of HPeV diversity. An important finding is the presence of unexpected conservation of codons utilized in part of the 3D-encoding region, some of which can be explained by the presence of a phylogenetically conserved predicted secondary structure domain. This suggests that in addition to the cis-acting replication element, RNA secondary structure domains in coding regions play a key role in picornavirus replication. INTRODUCTIONPicornaviruses are non-enveloped, positive-sense RNA viruses with icosahedral capsids, composed of 60 copies of three or four virus-encoded proteins (VP1-4 or VP0, VP1 and VP3) (Stanway et al., 2002(Stanway et al., , 2005. They have a genome of around 7000-8000 nt encoding one polyprotein which is cleaved by virus proteases to give the structural and non-structural (2A-C and 3A-D) proteins. Picornaviruses consist of economically and socially very important human and animal viruses such as polioviruses, other enteroviruses, rhinoviruses, hepatitis A virus, footand-mouth disease virus and parechoviruses. Currently, parechoviruses consist of two species: human parechovirus (HPeV) and Ljungan virus (LV) (Johansson et al., 2002;Joki-Korpela & Hyypiä, 2001;Stanway & Hyypiä, 1999;Stanway et al., 2000). HPeVs are frequent infectious agents and although they usually cause mild gastroenteritis and respiratory disease in young children, more serious cases, such as flaccid paralysis, encephalitis and myocarditis, have also been reported, particularly associated with HPeV3 infection (Baumgarte et al., 2008;Benschop et al., 2006a Benschop et al., , 2008bEhrnst & Eriksson, 1993;Figueroa et al., 1989;Harvala et al., 2008Harvala et al., , 2009Joki-Korpela & Hyypiä, 2001). Recently, HPeV1 has also been linked to otitis media (Tauriainen et al., 2008). With the isolation of several HPeV types in recent studies AlSunaidi et al., 2007;Baumgarte et al., 2008;Benschop et al., 2006b; Drexler et al., 2009;Ito et al., 2004;Li et al., 2009), eight types (1-8) of HPeVs are currently known.HPeVs have several distinctive features compared with other picornaviruses (Ghazi et al., 1998;Hyypiä et al., 1992;Stanway et al., 1994Stanway et al., , 2000. Post-translational cleavage of the polyprotein results in only three structural proteins (VP0, VP3 and VP1), as the cleavage of VP0 to VP4 and VP2 seen in other picornaviruses does n...

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“…Predominantly in infants, HPeVs can cause a variety of clinical symptoms, including diarrhea, and respiratory infection (8,9). Recent data point toward substantial involvement in severe conditions, such as meningitis and infant sepsis, for which HPeV may constitute the second most frequent causative virus after enterovirus in young children (10).…”

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confidence: 99%