Human Papillomavirus Positivity in Women Undergoing Intrauterine Insemination Has a Negative Effect on Pregnancy Rates

Abstract

Background: Sexually transmitted infections are a major cause of infertility. Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is one of the most common viral infections of the female genital tract. Only a limited number of studies have investigated the influence of HPV on fertility and its impact remains controversial. Objective: We investigated the relationship between cervical HPV infection and pregnancy outcome after intrauterine insemination (IUI). Since other sexually transmitted infections could also influence outcome, we also analyzed the influence of Trichomonas vaginalis (TV) and Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) on pregnancy outcome. Methods: We performed a retrospective analysis of 590 women who underwent 1,529 IUI cycles at AML between 2010 and 2014. Positivity of 18 different HPV types (6, 11, 16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 39, 45, 51, 52, 53, 56, 58, 59, 66, 67, 68) and TV was assessed by PCR in cervical cytology specimens. CT status was ascertained by detection of IgA/IgG antibodies on serum samples or by PCR on cervical swabs. Results: The HPV prevalence per IUI cycle was 11.0 and 6.9% for CT; none of the women tested positive for TV. HPV-positive women were six times less likely to become pregnant after IUI (1.87 vs. 11.36%; p = 0.0041). There was no significant difference in pregnancy rates between women with or without a history of CT (8.51 vs. 11.10%; p > 0.05). Conclusion: Detection of HPV is associated with a negative IUI outcome.

The Risk of Human Papillomavirus Infection for Spontaneous Abortion, Spontaneous Preterm Birth, and Pregnancy Rate of Assisted Reproductive Technologies: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

“…Five studies [17, 18, 21, 23, 31] reported the risk of sPTB and 7 studies [10-12, 19-22] reported the risk of clinical pregnancy rate of ART. Eight studies [12, 17, 18, 20, 21, 23, 27, 29] reported HR-HPV infection alone and the other 10 studies [10, 11, 19, 22, 24-26, 28, 30, 31] reported indiscriminate genotype infection (HR/LR-HPV).…”

“…Similar results were obtained upon stratified analyses of prospective cohort studies [10-12, 19] and retrospective cohort studies [20-22], with RRs being 1.30 (95% CI 0.61–2.80; I 2 = 82.5%) and 0.82 (95% CI 0.37–1.81; I 2 = 69.1%) respectively (Table 2). Of the 7 studies, 3 studies [12, 20, 21] reported infection with HR-HPV alone and the other 4 studies [10, 11, 19, 22] reported mixed-type infection with HR/LR-HPV, with pooled RRs of 1.66 (95% CI 0.29–9.63; I 2 = 90.7%) and 0.85 (95% CI 0.66–1.09; I 2 = 20.2%) respectively (Table 2). In addition, 5 studies [12, 19-22] reported the risk of HPV infection on spontaneous abortion of ART pregnancy, with the pooled RR being 1.47 (95% CI 0.86–2.50; I 2 = 12.9%).…”

The Effect of Vaccination Against Human Papillomavirus on Fecundability

“…Detectable HPV infection among males has been associated with reduced sperm motility, increased antisperm antibodies, and lower pregnancy rates in studies of infertile couples; another study found no effect on semen quality . Among females undergoing intrauterine insemination, 1.9% with detectable HPV infection conceived compared with 11.4% without the virus . Surgical treatment for HPV‐associated cervical dysplasia may also influence fertility.…”

Creating a Reliable, Cost-Effective ELISA Simulation

“…Its footprint on the scientific world is widespread, including use for diagnostics in the clinical laboratory, immunodetection of biologically relevant molecules in the basic science research laboratory, and even in pregnancy tests as part of our daily lives (Tsujii et al, 1998; Lyer et al, 2015; Santaclara et al, 2015; Depuydt et al, 2015). ELISAs are used for diagnosis or detection of allergic responses (insect stings, indoor allergens, food, latex), communicable diseases (HIV, ebola, lyme disease, chagas disease, rocky mountain spotted fever, leishmasiasis), and endocrine disorders (hyper- and hypothyroidism).…”