Human papillomavirus infection and follow-up on positive results in 7222 female samples obtained from 2016 to 2019 in Hefei, China

Abstract

Background Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection rates in women vary regionally. This study analyzed HPV infection in women of different age groups in Hefei, China, performed follow-up on positive cases, and discussed infection prognoses. Methods Samples (7,222) of exfoliated cervical cells were collected in Hefei and tested with an HPV assay kit against 27 HPV genotypes. Statistical software was used to analyze the data. Results The total positive rate of infection was 17.13% (1,068 women), and the 51–60-year age group had the highest HPV infection rate (19.82%). There were statistically significant differences between rates in the 21–30 and 31–40 (P = 0.002), 21–30 and 41–50 (P = 0.0003), 21–30 and 51–60 (P = 0.00003), and 51–60 and >60 age groups (P = 0.046). High-risk infection (15.67%) and single infection (13.01%) were the main types of HPV infection. The dominant genotypes of high-risk infection were HPV 52 (2.42%), HPV 16 (2.01%), HPV 53 (1.43%), HPV 58 (1.32%) and HPV 66 (1.01%). We conducted follow-up on cases in 69 of 94 women who had a history of 1–4 years of positive infection, and in 18 (seven treated, 11 untreated) patients, infection status turned negative (26.09%). Seventeen of the fifty-one women whose infections did not turn negative received treatment. Persistent infection was predominantly observed in high-risk genotypes (56 of 69). Conclusions The results recommend that women in Hefei improve health awareness and receive a 9-valent vaccine. Additionally, women with persistent infections should consult a gynecologist to prevent cervical lesions.

Exploring the prevalence of Human Papillomavirus (HPV) genotypes in PAP smear samples of women in northern region of United Arab Emirates (UAE): HPV Direct Flow CHIP system-based pilot study

“…In such a way, the HPV6 was the predominant type, and the others 11,12 & 16 were the next genotype in the Iran study group [ 24 ]. But in other previous studies which were conducted in UAE [ 13 ], China [ 29 ], India [ 10 ], Dutch-Caribbean Island [ 30 ], Saudi Arabia [ 31 ] and Western Mexico [ 33 ], the HPV 16 was the predominant one than the other identified genotypes. But in the Oman study population, LR-HPV54 was the predominant genotype followed by HPV82, 42, 68 & 44 [ 15 ].…”

“…Similarly, a study conducted in Abu Dhabi, UAE in 2018, stated that the maximum infection rate was observed in the age group between 24–54 years old women [ 13 ] and in the year 2016 & 2017, the studies which were conducted in the UAE, mentioned that the maximum HPV infection rate was observed in women over 30-year-old [ 20 , 28 ]. In Hefei province of China, the maximum infection rate was detected in the age group of 31-50-year-old women [ 29 ] and in Western Iran the maximum HPV infection rate was determined in the age group of 31-40-years-old women [ 24 ] and in Saudi Arabia, rate was identified in between the age group 30-50-year-old women [ 31 ]. The highest HPV positivity rate (85%) was detected in women aged 36–55-year-old from Western Mexico [ 32 ].…”

Phototheranostics of Cervical Neoplasms with Chlorin e6 Photosensitizer

“…To date, more than 200 types of HPV have been described. Representatives of the Alpha genus, which mainly infect the mucous membranes of the anogenital tract, oral cavity, pharynx, and larynx [ 5 , 6 ].…”