“…In addition to possible HIV exposure due to condom-less sex with female sex workers, other factors that might place men who purchase sex at an increased risk of HIV include having multiple sexual partners [5–9], sexual contact with men [10, 11], a high rate of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) that could increase HIV transmission [5–9, 12, 13], and injecting drug use [14–16]. Although some studies have reported a low HIV prevalence (0–0.5%) among men who purchase sex [17, 18], other studies have reported a high HIV prevalence, ranging from 5.7% to 26.5% [5, 9, 14, 19–22].…”