Human Papillomavirus (HPV69/HPV73) Coinfection associated with Simultaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Anus and Presumed Lung Metastasis

Abstract

Background: Human papillomaviruses (HPVs) have been linked to a variety of human cancers. As the landscape of HPV-related neoplasia continues to expand, uncommon and rare HPV genotypes have also started to emerge. Host-virus interplay is recognized as a key driver in HPV carcinogenesis, with host immune status, virus genetic variants and coinfection highly influencing the dynamics of malignant transformation. Immunosuppression and tissue tropism are also known to influence HPV pathogenesis. Methods: Herein, we present a case of a patient who, in the setting of HIV positivity, developed anal squamous cell carcinoma associated with HPV69 and later developed squamous cell carcinoma in the lungs, clinically presumed to be metastatic disease, associated with HPV73. Consensus PCR screening for HPV was performed by real-time PCR amplification of the L1 gene region, amplification of the E6 regions with High-Resolution Melting Curve Analysis followed by Sanger sequencing confirmation and phylogenetic analysis. Results: Sanger sequencing of the consensus PCR amplification product determined that the anal tissue sample was positive for HPV 69, and the lung tissue sample was positive for HPV 73. Conclusions: This case underscores the importance of recognizing the emerging role of these rare “possibly carcinogenic” HPV types in human carcinogenesis.

Viruses in saliva from sanctuary chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) in Republic of Congo and Uganda

“…In fact, PpPV1 clusters phylogenetically with members of the species Alphapapillomavirus 10 which are associated with benign oral conditions such as focal epithelial hyperplasia in humans, chimpanzees, and bonobos [34][35][36]77]. PtroPV1, the novel alphapapillomavirus identified in this study, is most closely related to human papillomaviruses of species Alphapapillomavirus 11 including human papillomavirus type 73 which is classified as possibly carcinogenic to humans [105,106].…”

Squamous cell skin carcinoma due to chronic sacrococcygeal diseases

“…Human papilloma virus, another known etiological factor of SCC, is associated with many cancers including head, neck, anal, vulvar, penile and vaginal carcinomas [11,12]. The tumor that develops in the perianal region due to HPV is named as Buschke-Lowenstein tumor.…”

A NGS-based Blood Test For the Diagnosis of Invasive HPV-associated Carcinomas with Extensive Viral Genomic Characterization

“…A limitation in the identification of tumor markers lies in the fact that tumors solely harboring HPV episomes do not present specific viral genome rearrangements or hybrids that may be detected specifically in the tumor or in the blood. However, the HPV genotype constitutes per se a diagnostic signature ( 31 ), and, in addition, HPV polymorphism, that is, single nucleotide variants and insertion or deletions identified via the full sequencing of the viral DNA can accurately characterize a “personalized HPV strain” for each patient ( 32 ). Nevertheless, the same virus strain can lead to the development of distinct tumors in a patient.…”

“…This is related first to the large diversity of the HPV genotypes associated with tumors. Among the hundreds of HPV types identified so far (18), at least 13 genotypes, classified as "high-risk", including HPV16, 18,31,33,35,39,45,51,52,56,58,59 and 68, cause virtually all cases of HPV-associated cancers (19). Therefore, a methodological approach designed to allow the diagnosis of HPV-associated tumors using a blood sample should be able to detect all of these genotypes.…”