Human papillomavirus (HPV) type distribution and serological response to HPV type 6 virus-like particles in patients with genital warts

Abstract

Thirty-nine patients with condylomas (12 women and 27 men) attending a dermatology clinic were tested for genital human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA and for seroprevalence to HPV type 6 (HPV6) L1 virus-like particles. The L1 consensus PCR system (with primers MY09 and MY11) was used to determine the presence and types of HPV in sample specimens. All 37 (100%) patients with sufficient DNA specimens were positive for HPV DNA, and 35 (94%) had HPV6 DNA detected at the wart site. Three patients (8%) had HPV11 detected at the wart site, and one patient had both HPV6 and-11 detected at the wart site. Thirteen additional HPV types were detected among the patients; the most frequent were HPV54 (8%) and HPV58 (8%). Baculovirusexpressed HPV6 L1 virus-like particles were used in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays to determine seroprevalence among the patients with warts. Seronegativity was defined by a control group of 21 women who were consistently PCR negative for HPV DNA. Seroprevalence was also determined for reference groups that included cytologically normal women who had detectable DNA from either HPV6 or HPV16 and women with HPV16-associated cervical intraepithelial neoplasia. Among the asymptomatic women with HPV6, only 2 of 9 (22%) were seropositive, compared with 12 of 12 (100%) female patients with warts. A similar trend in increased HPV6 seropositivity with increased grade of disease was found with the HPV16 DNA-positive women, whose seroprevalence increased from 1 in 11 (9%) in cytologically normal women to 6 in 15 (40%) among women with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia 1 or 3. However, only 4 of 25 (16%) male patients were seropositive. No factors examined, such as age, sexual behavior, or a history of warts, were found to definitively account for the gender difference in seroresponse.

High throughput sequencing reveals diversity of Human Papillomaviruses in cutaneous lesions

“…1 The oncogenic anogenital HPVs are established as the major cause of cervical cancer, 2 but also cause other genital diseases such as condylomas. 3 The cutaneous HPV types are the most common and diverse group of HPVs and new types are continuously found. [4][5][6][7][8] An association of HPV infection with skin cancer was first demonstrated in patients with epidermodysplasia verruciformis.…”

“…Partial sequences may map to either the 5 0 or the 3 0 of the FAP amplimer. 2 FA and FAIMVS 3. As sequences were found in more than one of the pools the sum of the sequences is less than the total number of sequences 4.…”

The role of NH4Cl and cysteine proteases in Human Papillomavirus type 16 infection

“…Human Papillomaviruses (HPVs) are non-enveloped DNA viruses that can infect the skin and mucous membranes. HPVs are known to cause cutaneous, cervical, and respiratory warts and lesions [5][6][7]. The capsid of HPVs is made of two virally encoded structural proteins L1 and L2 [8][9][10].…”

Virus-like particles: the future of microbial factories and cell-free systems as platforms for vaccine development

“…Gardasil 1 produced in S. cerevisiae was approved by the FDA in 2006; meanwhile, Cervarix 1 , produced in the insect cells-baculovirus system (IC-BV) was approved by the FDA in 2009. Both vaccines protect against the two HPV types (HPV-16 and HPV-18) that cause 70% of cervical cancers, 60% of vaginal cancers, 80% of anal cancers, and 40% of vulvar cancers [11] and Gardasil 1 also protects against the two HPV types (HPV-6 and HPV-11) that provoke 90% of genital warts [12].…”