Human papillomavirus genotypes distribution among Gabonese women with normal cytology and cervical abnormalities

Abstract

BackgroundCervical cancer is one of the most common tumors affecting women with a disproportionate mortality occurring in developing countries. Despite the high prevalence of cervical cancer and cervical neoplasia in Gabon, few studies have been performed to evaluate the prevalence and determinants of HPV infection in this country. The aim of this study was to determine the HPV prevalence and distribution in a population of Gabonese women with normal cytology and cervical abnormalities.MethodsA total of 200 cervical samples collected in the “Departement d’Anatomie et de Cytologie Pathologiques” of the “Faculté de Medecine et des Sciences de la Santé” in Libreville, Gabonwere analyzed. Cytological status was classified according to Bethesda 2001. Nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using consensus degenerate PCR primers (MY09/11 and GP5+/6+) was performed for the detection of HPV DNA and HPV typing was done by DNA sequencing.ResultsCytological analysis showed that 87 % of women had normal cytology (n = 174/200). Among the 26 women with cytological abnormalities, predominance (61.5 %; 16/26) of low grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL) was found and no cervical cancer case was detected. Overall, HPV DNA was detected in 60 % of women (120/200). With respect to the cytological status, HPV DNA was found in 57.5 % of women with normal cervix and 76.9 % of women with abnormal cytology. HPV genotyping was performed on 114 HPV positive cases and revealed the presence of 11 distinct genotypes: 16, 18, 33, 31, 56, 6, 66, 70, 35, 45 and 81. The high risk type HPV 16 was the most common genotype found in all cytological categories. Six HPV positive samples could not be typed by DNA sequencing, probably due to multiple HPV infection. Evaluation of possible risk factors showed that HPV infection was related positively with number of sexual partners (≥3, OR = 2.3; 95 % CI, 1.3–4.3), history of sexually transmitted infection (Chlamydia, OR = 1.9; 95 % CI, 1.01–3.4) and marital status (single, OR = 2.0; 95 % CI, 1.1–3.5).ConclusionThe prevalence of HPV infection among Gabonese women is high. Our findings highlight the need to set up a national program to fight cervical cancer, combining Pap smear test and HPV testing, to improve cervical cancer prevention in Gabon.

Human papillomavirus genotypes and HPV-16 variants distribution among Tunisian women with normal cytology and squamous intraepithelial lesions

“…Considering women with normal cervical cytology, when we compared the overall HPV prevalence among Tunisian women with that from neighboring Northern African countries, we reported that it was higher than that of Algeria (5.3%) [22], but lower than that of Morocco (34.3%) [30]. Additionally, we found relatively high HPV prevalence compared to Arab-Muslim countries from the Middle-East [31–33] but substantially lower than that reported by other studies of the Sub-Saharan countries [34, 35] and Mediterranean Europe [36, 37]. The different origins and characteristics of the studied population (age, lifestyle, and ethnicity) may be the reason of these disparities in HPV prevalence.…”

The Prevalence and Genotype Distribution of Cervical Human Papillomavirus DNA in Women with Normal Cytology in North of Iran

“…We found HPV16 in 19 (41.30%), HPV18 in 9 (19.57%), and HPV45 in 1 (2.17%) of HPV positive samples. Human papillomavirus16 and HPV18 had the highest frequencies in cervical cancer (22,41), which is similar to our result. Another result showed that the frequencies of HPV35 and HPV31 were the highest (32), which is inconsistent with our result.…”

“…Certain strains of HPV are associated with different risk levels of transformation into genital tract in both males and females (13,(15)(16)(17). High-risk HPV16 and HPV18, which are found in high frequencies in cervical cancer, account for approximately two-thirds of all cervical carcinomas worldwide (HPV16 as the most frequent type) (16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22). associated with an increased risk of cervical cancer development (23).…”

The Prevalence of Human Papillomavirus Genotypes in Women with Abnormal Cervical Cytology

“…Honduras'ta Tabore ve arkadaşları %88.2, Hindistan'da Baskaran ve arkadaşları %84.3, Fas'ta Assoumou ve arkadaşları %76.9, Kore'de Kim ve arkadaşları %75, Litvanya'da Simanaviciene ve arkadaşları %67.6, Venezuela'da Corenti ve arkadaşları %62, Romanya'da Corneanu ve arkadaşları %61, Çin'de Jiang ve arkadaşları %39.4 oranında bulmuşlardır. Ülkemizde Ankara'da yapılan çalışmalardan, Ergünay ve arkadaşları %80, Dursun ve arkadaşları %52, Aydoğan ve arkadaşları %50, Mersin'de yapılan çalışmada Tezcan ve arkadaşları %35.4 oranında tespit etmişlerdir [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19] .…”

“…Assoumou ve arkadaşları LSIL sitolojili kadınlarda HR HPV prevalansını %87.5, Tabora ve arkadaşları %81, Corenti ve arkadaşları %68, Simanaviciene ve arkadaşları %55.2, Jiang ve arkadaşları %43.5 olarak bulmuşlardır. Ülkemizde ise Dursun ve arkadaşları LSIL sitolojili kadınlarda HR HPV prevalansını %27, Abike ve arkadaşları %26, Aydoğan ve arkadaşları %34.5, Tezcan ve arkadaşları %42.9, Beyazıt ve arkadaşları %62, Baskaran ve arkadaşları %65.7, Ergünay ve arkadaşları %100 oranında bulmuşlardır [8][9][10]12,13,15,[16][17][18][19][20][21] . HSIL sitolojili kadınlardaki %66.7'lik HR HPV prevalansı Aydoğan ve arkadaşlarının %7'lik Dursun ve arkadaşlarının %20'lik oranından yüksek, Tezcan ve arkadaşlarının %75'lik oranına yakın, Assoumou ve arkadaşlarının %100, Ergünay ve arkadaşlarının %100, Tabora ve arkadaşlarının %97, Corenti ve arkadaşlarının %95, Kim ve arkadaşlarının %96.7, Abike ve arkadaşlarının %91, Jiang ve arkadaşlarının %90, Baskaran ve arkadaşlarının %84.6, Beyazıt ve arkadaşlarının %83 ve Simaviciene ve arkadaşlarının %80.3 oranlarından düşük tespit edilmiştir [8][9][10][11][12][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21] .…”