Human papillomavirus genotype distribution in Madrid and correlation with cytological data

Abstract

BackgroundCervical cancer is the second most common cancer in women worldwide. Infection with certain human papillomavirus (HPV) genotypes is the most important risk factor associated with cervical cancer. This study analysed the distribution of type-specific HPV infection among women with normal and abnormal cytology, to assess the potential benefit of prophylaxis with anti-HPV vaccines.MethodsCervical samples of 2,461 women (median age 34 years; range 15-75) from the centre of Spain were tested for HPV DNA. These included 1,656 samples with normal cytology (NC), 336 with atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASCUS), 387 low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (LSILs), and 82 high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSILs). HPV detection and genotyping were performed by PCR using 5'-biotinylated MY09/11 consensus primers, and reverse dot blot hybridisation.ResultsHPV infection was detected in 1,062 women (43.2%). Out of these, 334 (31%) samples had normal cytology and 728 (69%) showed some cytological abnormality: 284 (27%) ASCUS, 365 (34%) LSILs, and 79 (8%) HSILs. The most common genotype found was HPV 16 (28%) with the following distribution: 21% in NC samples, 31% in ASCUS, 26% in LSILs, and 51% in HSILs. HPV 53 was the second most frequent (16%): 16% in NC, 16% in ASCUS, 19% in LSILs, and 5% in HSILs. The third genotype was HPV 31 (12%): 10% in NC, 11% in ASCUS, 14% in LSILs, and 11% in HSILs. Co-infections were found in 366 samples (34%). In 25%, 36%, 45% and 20% of samples with NC, ASCUS, LSIL and HSIL, respectively, more than one genotype was found.ConclusionsHPV 16 was the most frequent genotype in our area, followed by HPV 53 and 31, with a low prevalence of HPV 18 even in HSILs. The frequency of genotypes 16, 52 and 58 increased significantly from ASCUS to HSILs. Although a vaccine against HPV 16 and 18 could theoretically prevent approximately 50% of HSILs, genotypes not covered by the vaccine are frequent in our population. Knowledge of the epidemiological distribution is necessary to predict the effect of vaccines on incidence of infection and evaluate cross-protection from current vaccines against infection with other types.

Molecular analysis and conventional cytology: association between HPV and bacterial vaginosis in the cervical abnormalities of a Brazilian population

“…An HPV test is also accepted as an adjunct to cytology in primary screening for women aged 30 years or older on the basis of results from cohort studies (Naucler et al, 2009;Said et al, 2009;Selva et al, 2009;Filipi et al, 2010;Uusküla et al, 2010 ). In our study, the concordance level for cytological and molecular tests was very low compared with other studies that found up to 68% correlation (Selva et al, 2009;Martín et al, 2011). However, these differences could be related to the efficiency of the different methodologies used to identify HPV in different regions of the world.…”

“…Our study revealed a similar percentage of HPV-DNA to studies performed in Slovenia and West Africa (Jenko et al, 2011;Piras et al, 2011). However, a higher percentage of HPV was observed in North Sardinia, Italy (35.9%); Madrid, Spain (43.2%); France (45.3%); Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil (48%); Kuwait (51%); and Texas, USA (63%) (Pannier-Stockman et al, 2008;Fernandes et al, 2009;Al-Awadhi et al, 2011;Martín et al, 2011;Piana et al, 2011;Shen-Gunther and Yu, 2011). In contrast, a lower percentage of infection was found in studies in Sweden (7%) and Albania (15.1%) (Naucler et al, 2009;Filipi et al, 2010).…”

Human papillomavirus prevalence and type in liquid-based cervical samples from Turkish women in a selected risk group

“…In Turkey, the HPV infection rate is 2%-6%. As in this study, global results demonstrated that HPV 16 was the most prevalent infection (28%), whereas HPV 18 was found more rarely (34). For example, in Venezuela HPV 16 was the most common type (60%), followed by HPV 18 (20%), HPV 6 (10%), and HPV 58 (10%) (36).…”

“…For example, in Venezuela HPV 16 was the most common type (60%), followed by HPV 18 (20%), HPV 6 (10%), and HPV 58 (10%) (36). With the exception of East Africa, China, Japan, and Taiwan, HPV 16 is the most prevalent type in all parts of the world (34). Interestingly, HPV type 18 is detected at the same frequency all over the world.…”

“…For example, in East Asia the most common HPV types in invasive cervical cancer were types 16, 18, 52, and 54, with prevalences of 57.1%, 17%, 11.4%, and 8.5%, respectively (32). In addition, according to a study in China, the most common and persistent high-risk HPV types were 16 (18.21%), 58 (13.2%), 18 (8.66%), 52 (7.06%), and 33 (34).…”