Human papillomavirus and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade II‐III: A population‐based case‐control study

Olsen, Anne O.; Gjøen, Kirsti; Sauer, Torill; Ørstavik, I; Næss, Oddvar; Kierulf, Knut; Sponland, Geir; Magnus, Per

doi:10.1002/ijc.2910610306

Cited by 69 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…It is of interest that smoking was no longer a risk factor of CIN after adjustment for HPV infections as in several recent studies (Schiffman et al, 1993;Olsen et al, 1995). Other lines of research have documented smoking as a risk factor for high-grade CIN (Kjaer et al, 1998;Olsen et al, 1998), and the present data do not rule out the possibility that smoking is a risk factor for CIN progression.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 42%

Human papillomavirus infection and other risk factors for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia in Japan

et al. 1999

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It is widely accepted that human papillomavirus (HPV) is the primary causative agent of cervical neoplasia (cervical intraepi thelial neoplasia [CIN] and invasive cancer) (zur Hausen, 1991). However, HPV infection of the uterine cervix does not always induce cellular abnormalities (de Villiers et al, 1987), suggesting that other factors play a role in the development of cervical neoplasia. Many epidemiologic factors have been suggested as relevant to the development of cervical neoplasia (Rotkin, 1973;Bornstein et al, 1995). We conducted a case-control study to clarify how epidemiologic factors are involved in the development of CIN in relation to HPV infection. MATERIALS AND METHODS Study populationThe study population consisted of women aged 55 or younger who underwent Papanicolaou test screening at nine hospitals between June 1995 and July 1996. For women with abnormal cervical cytology, colposcopically directed biopsies were performed. The cases enrolled in the study were women in whom CIN was first detected during the study period. A total of 167 women who had histological evidence of CIN were included; low-grade CIN (CIN I [n ϭ 94]) and high-grade CIN (CIN II [n ϭ 40] and CIN III [n ϭ 33]). We excluded carcinoma in situ from CIN III. The histological review was performed by one experienced pathologist (KN). Controls matched one-to-one with cases on age (within 5 years) and hospital were selected from subjects who were found to have normal cervical cytology. All CIN cases and controls gave written informed consent. The questionnaireInformation concerning health issues related to the possible aetiology of CIN was obtained by a self-administered questionnaire. The questionnaire, which included demographic factors, smoking habits, contraceptive and reproductive history, and sexual behaviour, was distributed to each case or control on their second hospital visit. Several participants gave no answers to certain questions. Detection and typing of HPVCellular DNA was extracted from cervical exfoliated cells by standard procedure. We used the consensus L1 primers, L1C1 (1 µM), L1C2 (0.5 µM) and L1C2M (0.5 µM), for the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) (Yoshikawa et al, 1991). HPV types were identified on the basis of the restriction fragment length polymorphism. The assay can type at least 26 genital HPVs. HPV data were not obtained from nine (5%) of CIN cases and 37 (22%) of controls. HPV types were categorized into three groups of carcinogenic potency according to then risk classification proposed by Lorincz et al, (1992); i.e. high-, intermediate-and low-risk HPVs (Table 1). Blood sampling and serum antibody detectionA blood sample for serological assays of herpes simplex virus (HSV), cytomegalovirus (CMV) and Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) was collected from each subject. Blood sampling was not available in 9 (5%) CIN cases and 5 (3%) controls. Antibodies were assayed by using commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits; HSV and CMV (Denkaseiken, Niigata, Japan), and CT (Labsystems Oy, Hels...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 42%

Human papillomavirus infection and other risk factors for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia in Japan

et al. 1999

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“…Aunque algunos estudios en Latinoamérica notifican que el riesgo relativo de las mujeres a padecer cáncer cervical aumentó en relación inversa al número de años de educación, 25 en el presente estudio y en otros realizados en diversas áreas, dicha relación no fue estadísti-camente significativa. 26 En este estudio y en coincidencia con lo que notifica al respecto la SSA, 27 las mujeres con más de siete embarazos representan más de 40%, hecho que posiblemente influye en los hallazgos, pues se observa una tendencia lineal de riesgo a partir del primer embarazo, de modo tal que el riesgo de las mujeres con 12 o más embarazos fue cinco veces mayor. Una probable explicación se fundamenta en el hecho de que el embarazo provoca un estado de inmunosupresión que podría aumentar la susceptibilidad del organismo a los agentes infecciosos.…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

Factores de riesgo para cáncer cervicouterino en mujeres de Zacatecas

Castañeda-Iñiguez¹,

Toledo-Cisneros²,

Aguilera-Delgadillo³

1998

Salud pública Méx

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“…The epidemiological data supporting this assertion include reports that HPV DNA can be recovered from over 95% of all cervical tumours (Bosch et al, 1995;Walboomers et al, 1999;Cuzick et al, 2000), and that women infected with oncogenic HPV types have relative risks of 40-180 for the development of high-grade cervical disease (IARC, 1995;Olsen et al, 1995). Additionally, molecular studies have identified mechanisms by which high-risk HPV types contribute to carcinogenesis.…”

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confidence: 98%

A systematic review of the role of human papilloma virus (HPV) testing within a cervical screening programme: summary and conclusions

Cuzick¹,

Sasieni²,

Davies

et al. 2000

Br J Cancer

137

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A systematic review of the available evidence on the role of HPV testing in cervical screening has been published by the Health Technology Assessment Committee of the UK Department of Health. The review summarized relevant data on testing methods, natural history, and prevalence of the virus in different disease groups. Cost-effectiveness modelling was undertaken. Ten major conclusions were reached and are reported here. The key conclusions were that HPV testing was more sensitive than cytology, but that there were concerns about specificity, especially in young women. The increased sensitivity led to a recommendation that HPV testing be introduced on a pilot basis for women with borderline and mild smears. HPV testing has great potential as a primary screening test, but large trials are needed to properly evaluate this application and to determine if its introduction can reduce invasive cancer rates. There is an urgent need to undertake a large trial of HPV testing in conjunction with other new technologies (liquid-based cytology and computer-assisted cytology reading) to determine the best way to integrate them into ongoing screening programmes. A range of issues including the age to start and stop screening, the appropriate screening interval, the role of self-sampling for HPV testing and the choice of primary test (HPV and/or cytology) require further evaluation. © 2000 Cancer Research Campaign

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Human papillomavirus and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade II‐III: A population‐based case‐control study

Cited by 69 publications

References 19 publications

Human papillomavirus infection and other risk factors for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia in Japan

Human papillomavirus infection and other risk factors for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia in Japan

Factores de riesgo para cáncer cervicouterino en mujeres de Zacatecas

A systematic review of the role of human papilloma virus (HPV) testing within a cervical screening programme: summary and conclusions

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