Human Papilloma Virus Infection and Vaccination: Pre-Post Intervention Analysis on Knowledge, Attitudes and Willingness to Vaccinate Among Preadolescents Attending Secondary Schools of Palermo, Sicily

Costantino, Claudio; Amodio, Emanuele; Vitale, Francesco; Trucchi, Cecilia; Maida, Carmelo Massimo; Bono, Stefania Enza; Caracci, Francesca; Sannasardo, Claudia Emilia; Scarpitta, Francesco; Vella, Carlotta; Ventura, Gianmarco; Icardi, Giancarlo; Casuccio, Alessandra; Restivo, Vincenzo

doi:10.3390/ijerph17155362

Cited by 15 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Ten-point Likert-type scales to measure the level of trust in particular vaccines and fear of vaccination were selected based on literature review, which indicated that they were successfully applied in various cross-sectional studies investigating the vaccine acceptance and perceived risk of vaccination [ 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 ]. The questionnaire was pre-tested by the researchers, including the professional vaccinologist (J.W.).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Perception and Attitudes toward COVID-19 Vaccines: A Cross-Sectional Study in Poland

et al. 2021

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Vaccine hesitancy is a major threat to the success of COVID-19 vaccination programs. The present cross-sectional online survey of adult Poles (n = 1020) expressing a willingness to receive the COVID-19 vaccine was conducted between February and March 2021 and aimed to assess (i) the general trust in different types of vaccines, (ii) the level of acceptance of the COVID-19 vaccines already in use in Poland (BNT162b2 by BioNTech/Pfizer, mRNA-1273 by Moderna and AZD1222 by Oxford/AstraZeneca) as well as eight vaccines approved outside European Union (EU) or in advanced stages of clinical trials, (iii) level of fear of vaccination against COVID-19, and (iv) main sources of information on COVID-19 vaccination. Among all major vaccine technology, the highest level of trust was observed for the mRNA platform, with a considerable number of surveyed (>20%) not aware of the existence of vaccines produced using the traditional approach (inactivated and live attenuated vaccines). The age of participants was the main factor differentiating the level of trust in a particular vaccine type. Both BNT162b and mRNA-1273 received a high level of acceptance, contrary to AZD1222. From eight vaccines unauthorized in the EU at the moment of study, the CVnCoV (mRNA; CureVac) was met with the highest level of trust, followed by Ad26.COV2.S (vector; Janssen/Johnson&Johnson) and NVX-CoV2373 (protein; Novavax). Sputnik V (vector; Gamaleya Research Institute) was decidedly the least trusted vaccine. The median level of fear (measured by the 10-point Likert-type scale) in the studied group was 4.0, mostly related to the risk of serious allergic reactions, other severe adverse events and unknown long-term effects of vaccination. Female, individuals with a lower level of education and those not seeking any information on the COVID-19 vaccines revealed a higher fear of vaccination. Experts’ materials were the major source of information on COVID-19 vaccines in the studied group. The study shows the level of trust in COVID-19 vaccines can vary much across the producers while the mRNA vaccines are received with a high level of acceptance. It also emphasizes the need for effective and continuous science communication when fighting the pandemic as it may be an ideal time to increase the general awareness of vaccines.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Perception and Attitudes toward COVID-19 Vaccines: A Cross-Sectional Study in Poland

et al. 2021

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“…Given the size of the target population (defined as a group of fully vaccinated individuals in Poland at the time of the study), it was calculated using Cochran's formula [37] that at least 2401 eligible individuals should be surveyed to reach a margin level of 2% at the confidence level of 95%. Ten-point Likert-type scales to measure the level of vaccination fear and severity of side effects following the initial COVID-19 vaccination were chosen as they were successfully employed in various other cross-sectional investigations of vaccine hesitancy and attitudes [33,[38][39][40][41]. The scales' internal consistency reliability was determined with Cronbach's alpha and demonstrated good reliability of α = 0.82-0.93.…”

Section: Surveymentioning

confidence: 99%

Willingness to Receive the Booster COVID-19 Vaccine Dose in Poland

2021

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COVID-19 vaccinations are essential to mitigate the pandemic and prevent severe SARS-CoV-2 infections. However, the serum antibody levels in vaccinated individuals gradually decrease over time, while SARS-CoV-2 is undergoing an evolution toward more transmissible variants, such as B.1.617.2, ultimately increasing the risk of breakthrough infections and further virus spread. This cross-sectional online study of adult Poles (n = 2427) was conducted in September 2021 (before a general recommendation to administer a booster COVID-19 vaccine dose in Poland was issued) to assess the attitude of individuals who completed the current vaccination regime toward a potential booster dose of the COVID-19 vaccine and identify potential factors that may influence it. Overall, 71% of participants declared willingness to receive a booster COVID-19 dose, with a low median level of fear of receiving it of 1.0 (measured by the 10-point Likert-type scale), which was increased particularly in those having a worse experience (in terms of severity of side effects and associated fear) with past COVID-19 vaccination. The lowest frequency of willingness to receive a booster dose (26.7%) was seen in the group previously vaccinated with Ad26.COV2.S. The majority of individuals vaccinated previously with mRNA vaccines wished to receive the same vaccine, while in the case of AZD1222, such accordance was observed only in 9.1%. The main reasons against accepting a booster COVID-19 dose included the side effects experienced after previous doses, the opinion that further vaccination is unnecessary, and safety uncertainties. Women, older individuals (≥50 years), subjects with obesity, chronic diseases, and pre-vaccination and post-vaccination SARS-CoV-2 infections, and those with a history of vaccination against influenza were significantly more frequently willing to receive a booster COVID-19 dose. Moreover, the majority of immunosuppressed individuals (88%) were willing to receive an additional dose. The results emphasize some hesitancy toward potential further COVID-19 vaccination in the studied group of Poles and indicate the main groups to be targeted with effective science communication regarding the booster doses.

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“…The current HPV vaccination programs are mainly dedicated to preadolescents (age range 9-14 years) as primary targets, either through organized school-based vaccination plans or delivered through primary care services (including general practitioners, paediatricians, nurses, obstetrics, and gynaecologists). Moreover, according to the information provided by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP), HPV vaccination is also recommended for everyone by the age of 26 [38,39]. After ten years since the introduction of the vaccine and sixteen years of cervical cancer screening availability, a decrease in hospital admissions for CC and other HPV-related diseases was observed in several contexts [20,21].…”

Section: Primary Prevention: Hpv Vaccinationmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Vaccination and Screening in Limiting the Worldwide Disease Burden of Preventable Female Cancers: A Review

Costantino¹,

Alba²,

Cimino³

et al. 2020

Women

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Cancer represents one of the most common causes of death worldwide. Among women, breast cancer is the most diagnosed cancer and the principal cause of death due to malignant disease, while cervical cancer ranks fourth for both incidence and mortality. The present review aims to analyze the epidemiology of cervical and breast cancer (incidence, mortality, survival rates, and trends). Moreover, the most important primary and secondary preventive strategies (reduction of risk factors, exposure, vaccination, cancer screening) intended to reduce the future burden of cervical and breast cancer, that should be adopted actively and free of charge, were discussed in accordance to more recent and evidence-based findings.

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Human Papilloma Virus Infection and Vaccination: Pre-Post Intervention Analysis on Knowledge, Attitudes and Willingness to Vaccinate Among Preadolescents Attending Secondary Schools of Palermo, Sicily

Cited by 15 publications

References 30 publications

The Perception and Attitudes toward COVID-19 Vaccines: A Cross-Sectional Study in Poland

The Perception and Attitudes toward COVID-19 Vaccines: A Cross-Sectional Study in Poland

Willingness to Receive the Booster COVID-19 Vaccine Dose in Poland

The Role of Vaccination and Screening in Limiting the Worldwide Disease Burden of Preventable Female Cancers: A Review

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