Human outbreak of trichinellosis in the Mediterranean island of Sardinia, Italy

Pozio, Edoardo; Mesina, Pietro; Sechi, F.; Pira, Michele; Liciardi, Manuele; Cossu, Pasquale; Marucci, Gianluca; Garippa, Giovanni; Firinu, A.

doi:10.1016/j.vetpar.2006.03.012

Cited by 27 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Compared to a simple, straightforward doseresponse assessment we have accounted for three sources of variation : (1) requirement of sexual reproduction for infection ; (2) overdispersion in exposure 10 - 6 10 -4 0·01 0·2 0·9 0·00 0·02 0·04 0·06 0·08 0·10 0·12 0·14 p m Probable density function (p m ) Fig. 2.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Human beings are highly susceptible to low doses of Trichinella spp.

et al. 2011

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Trichinella is an important foodborne pathogen causing considerable morbidity and mortality. To prevent human trichinellosis, meat inspection for Trichinella spp. at slaughter is a key instrument. Current testing is based on minimal infectious dose in humans, but a scientific basis for this approach is lacking. To this end, a dose-response model must be developed, allowing translation of exposure into disease burden at the population level. We developed novel methods for dose-response assessment using outbreak data incorporating sexual reproduction of the parasite. A selection of suitable outbreak studies, reporting numbers exposed and infected, as well as estimated doses, was collated from a literature study. Humans appear to be highly susceptible: exposure to low doses (few larvae) is associated with a considerable risk of infection. As a consequence, levels of Trichinella in meat must be low to maintain acceptable health risks.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Pozio et al 2006 [6] : Eleven people ate raw sausages containing 8 larvae/g T. britovi, 10 people were symptomatic, one asymptomatic. Gari-Toussaint et al 2005 [7] : Six people consumed frozen wild boar meat with 3 larvae/g T. britovi, all were infected (all symptomatic).…”

Section: Outbreak Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Human beings are highly susceptible to low doses of Trichinella spp.

et al. 2011

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“…Human infections with T. britovi have been reported in Algeria, Bulgaria, France, Italy, Slovak Republic and Spain as result of consumption of pork, dog, horse and game meat (Pozio et al., 2001, 2006; Gomez‐Garcia et al., 2003; Ozdemir et al., 2005; Nezri et al., 2006;Pozio and Murrell, 2006; Petkova et al., 2008). To the best of our knowledge, this is the largest documented outbreak of T. britovi , although trichinellosis outbreaks which occurred in Israel, Lebanon, Senegal and Syria for the consumption of free‐ranging pigs, wild boars and warthog (in Senegal), were probably also caused by T. britovi (Pozio, 2007).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Large‐Scale Outbreak of Trichinellosis Caused by Trichinella britovi in Turkey

Akkoç¹,

Kuruuzum²,

Akar³

et al. 2009

Zoonoses and Public Health

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An outbreak of trichinellosis occurred in Izmir, Turkey, between January and March 2004. The outbreak was caused by the consumption of raw meat balls made of beef deceptively mixed with pork infected with Trichinella britovi. A total of 1098 people who had consumed this food either in 14 restaurants or from the street vendors located in three different neighbourhoods, consulted six different healthcare centres with a wide range of clinical signs and symptoms. Of them, 418 (38.1%) patients fulfilled the criteria for the diagnosis of acute trichinellosis. The most commonly observed signs and symptoms were myalgia (89.2%), arthralgia (69.9%) and eyelid (67%) and facial oedema (65.8%). High levels of creatinine kinase (69.3%) and lactate dehydrogenase (93.8%) with leucocytosis (>10 000/mm(3), 58.9%) and eosinophilia (>1000/mm(3), 60.5%) were the most prominent laboratory findings. All, but 13 of these patients were treated with mebendazole or albendazole. Based on the physicians' assessments of disease severity, 78 (19%) patients were additionally given prednisolone in whom a significantly more rapid recovery of clinical signs and symptoms (e.g. fever, myalgia, facial and eyelid oedema) was observed, with a rapid improvement in leucocytosis, eosinophilia and muscle enzymes, compared with those, who had not received corticosteroids (P < 0.05). Beef illegally mixed with pork of unknown origin, by a wholesale butcher who had sold this product to restaurants and street vendors at a lower price than the prevailing market price of beef, was the cause of this large-scale outbreak in a country with a predominantly Muslim population.

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“…Nel medesimo studio furono controllati mediante digestione artificiale (5), 2.036 campioni di muscolo degli stessi suini domestici già saggiati con metodo sierologico e i muscoli di 32 volpi: tutti i campioni risultarono negativi. Lo stato di regione esente da Trichinella decade nell'aprile 2005, quando, quasi contemporaneamente, si registra il ricovero in due diversi ospedali, Nuoro e Cagliari, di 7 persone appartenenti a due distinti gruppi familiari originari di Orgosolo e tra loro imparentati (3 (3). In tutti i focolai l'indagine epidemiologica ha individuato la fonte di infestione nel consumo di insaccati suini, soprattutto salsicce a breve maturazione, preparati artigianalmente.…”

Section: Trichinellosi In Sardegnaunclassified

Trichinellosis Emergency in Sardinia

Liciardi

Piroddi

2008

Ital J Food Safety

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La trichinellosi, zoonosi ben conosciuta a diffusione cosmopolita, è responsabile annualmente di diverse migliaia di focolai umani.La malattia è causata da nematodi appartenenti al genere Trichinella; questo parassita è presente nei suini, nei cavalli ed in altri animali domestici, nei mammiferi selvatici sia carnivori che onnivori, negli uccelli e rettili. L'uomo acquisisce l'infestione attraverso il consumo di carne infestata, cruda o poco cotta. Questa malattia, proprio per l'importanza che ricopre per la salute pubblica e anche per l'economia, influenzando il commercio degli animali e dei loro prodotti, è inserita nella lista dell'O.I.E.La trichinellosi nel mondo e in Italia Secondo l'Organizzazione Mondiale della Sanità (O.M.S), la trichinellosi a livello mondiale colpisce 10 milioni di individui, gran parte dei quali in Asia, in particolare Cina e Sudest Asiatico, centro e sud America. Il numero dei decessi è intorno allo 0,2% dei casi clinici (9).La principale fonte di infestazione è rappresentata da carne suina e derivati quali prodotti di salumeria; altre fonti sono animali oggetto di attività venatoria. In alcune aree geografiche i casi di infestazione dipendono da particolari abitudini alimentari quali l'alto consumo di carne suina in Cina, il consumo di carne di cane nello stesso paese, Sudest Asiatico, Slovacchia, Russia e il consumo di carne equina in Francia e in Italia, gli unici due paesi europei dove la carne equina è consumata anche cruda o poco cotta. In particolare dal 1975 al 2004 si sono verificati in Francia 2296 casi e in Italia 1031 casi. T. spiralis è la specie responsabile delle infestazioni dovute al consumo di carne equina, spesso importata con cavalli o carni equine infette provenienti dall'estero, in particolare paesi dell'est europeo. La To cope with further new outbreaks, the Sardinia region has undertaken series of actions, such as informative campaigns addressed to the consumers, trichinoscopic examination of the susceptible wildlife object of hunting as well as free ranging pigs illegally reared in the areas where human trichinellosis occurred. The investigations conducted so far indicate the absence of responsible parasite in the wild boar, while demonstrating its presence in the pigs reared in free ranging conditions, confirming the presence of some risk factors for the maintenance and spread of the parasite.

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Human outbreak of trichinellosis in the Mediterranean island of Sardinia, Italy

Cited by 27 publications

References 7 publications

Human beings are highly susceptible to low doses of Trichinella spp.

Human beings are highly susceptible to low doses of Trichinella spp.

A Large‐Scale Outbreak of Trichinellosis Caused by Trichinella britovi in Turkey

Trichinellosis Emergency in Sardinia

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