Human optokinetic nystagmus: Competition between stationary and moving displays

Murasugi, Chieko M.; Howard, Ian P.; Ohmi, Masao

doi:10.3758/bf03208048

Cited by 12 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Recently, Spering and Carrasco (2012) showed that pursuit eye movements spontaneously follow the direction of the attended motion in dichoptic plaids, suggesting that feature-based attention can determine which motion direction is pursued and perceived. However, their paradigm was not suited to assess the importance of feature-based involuntary eye movements, as there was no fixation point and no incentive to maintain fixation.With respect to involuntary eye movements in response to background motion, we know that the optokinetic nystagmus, whose early phase shares neural substrates with ocular following (Kawano 1999), can be reduced to some extent by paying attention to stationary elements (Mestre and Masson 1997;Murasugi et al 1989). However, those studies confounded feature-based and spatial attention.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…With respect to involuntary eye movements in response to background motion, we know that the optokinetic nystagmus, whose early phase shares neural substrates with ocular following (Kawano 1999), can be reduced to some extent by paying attention to stationary elements (Mestre and Masson 1997;Murasugi et al 1989). However, those studies confounded feature-based and spatial attention.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…However, this latter aspect is poorly understood, especially in relation to feature-based attention, the ability to select a specific feature dimension (e.g., motion, color, and shape), or value (upward vs. downward motion) across the visual field. In the context of voluntary and involuntary tracking eye movements, feature-based attention may have a role in helping integrate motion information across space, as for tracking surfaces occluded by objects in the foreground (e.g., Grossberg 1998; Mestre and Masson 1997;Murasugi et al 1989).Feature-based attention has been shown to modulate motion processing. Arman et al (2006) showed that the motion aftereffect is stronger for motion in an attended direction even when the test appears at a nonattended location, indicating enhancement of motion processing by selection of same-direction motion signals.…”

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Ocular tracking responses to background motion gated by feature-based attention

Souto

Kerzel

2014

Journal of Neurophysiology

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In contrast to spatial attention, we know little about the role of feature-based attention in determining this ocular response. To probe feature-based effects of background motion on involuntary eye movements, we presented human observers with a balanced background perturbation. Two clouds of dots moved in opposite vertical directions while observers tracked a target moving in horizontal direction. Additionally, they had to discriminate a change in the direction of motion (Ϯ10°from vertical) of one of the clouds. A vertical ocular following response occurred in response to the motion of the attended cloud. When motion selection was based on motion direction and color of the dots, the peak velocity of the tracking response was 30% of the tracking response elicited in a single task with only one direction of background motion. In two other experiments, we tested the effect of the perturbation when motion selection was based on color, by having motion direction vary unpredictably, or on motion direction alone. Although the gain of pursuit in the horizontal direction was significantly reduced in all experiments, indicating a trade-off between perceptual and oculomotor tasks, ocular responses to perturbations were only observed when selection was based on both motion direction and color. It appears that selection by motion direction can only be effective for driving ocular tracking when the relevant elements can be segregated before motion onset. smooth pursuit eye movements; feature-based attention; attention; motion; eye movements A CENTRAL QUESTION IN UNDERSTANDING how perception and action may be articulated is whether perceptual selection and eye movement control rely on similar filtering mechanisms (for a review Kowler 2007;Schutz et al. 2011). Involuntary ocular tracking eye movements offer a good opportunity for understanding early filtering mechanisms given that their initiation can involve relatively few processing steps (for a review, see Masson and Perrinet 2012).Among involuntary tracking eye movements, ocular following is a quasireflexive response to motion covering a large part of the visual field (Kawano 1999;Miles et al. 1986), which is believed to reflect the unfolding of visual motion processing, providing a window on the link between neural computation and behavior (Ilg 1997;Lisberger et al. 1987;Masson and Perrinet 2012). Ocular following depends on first-order motion signals, with little input from higher order motion processing (Hayashi et al. 2008), suggesting that attention may have a minor role. However, this latter aspect is poorly understood, especially in relation to feature-based attention, the ability to select a specific feature dimension (e.g., motion, color, and shape), or value (upward vs. downward motion) across the visual field. In the context of voluntary and involuntary tracking eye movements, feature-based attention may have a role in helping integrate motion information across space, as for tracking surfaces occluded by objects in the foreground (e.g., Grossberg 1998; Mestre a...

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Ocular tracking responses to background motion gated by feature-based attention

Souto

Kerzel

2014

Journal of Neurophysiology

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“…OKN is a syn-directional eye movement triggered by optic flow, which is found across vertebrates from jawless fish (Wibble et al, 2022) to humans (Dodge, 1903;Dodge and Fox, 1928), as well as in arthropods (Fenk et al, 2022) and cephalopods (Messenger, 1970). Similar to rotational vection, it has been found that vertical stationary patterns can strongly suppress OKN in humans (Murasugi et al, 1989(Murasugi et al, , 1986. However, the functional significance of this OKN suppression is less clear: Initiating OKN in response to world motion (i.e., moving objects) will result in fixation on the moving object.…”

Section: Geometrical Negative Evidence Against Self Rotation In Diffe...mentioning

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Neural mechanisms to incorporate visual counterevidence in self motion estimation

Tanaka

Zhou

Agrochão

et al. 2023

Preprint

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SummaryIn selecting a behavior, animals should weigh sensory evidence both for and against their beliefs about the world. For instance, animals use optic flow to estimate and control their own rotation. However, existing models of flow detection can confuse the movement of external objects with genuine self motion. Here, we show that stationary patterns on the retina, which constitute negative evidence against self rotation, are used by the fruit flyDrosophilato suppress inappropriate stabilizing rotational behavior. In parallelin silicoexperiments, we show that artificial neural networks trained to distinguish self and world motion incorporate similar negative evidence. We used neural measurements and genetic manipulations to identify components of the circuitry for stationary pattern detection, which is parallel to the fly’s motion- and optic flow-detectors. Our results exemplify how the compact brain of the fly incorporates negative evidence to improve heading stability, exploiting geometrical constraints of the visual world.

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The effect of dark and equiluminant occlusion on the interocular transfer of visual aftereffects

et al. 1996

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Lehmkuhle and Fox [(1976) Vision Research, 16, 428-430] reported that interocular transfer (IOT) of a translational motion aftereffect (MAE) was greater if the non-adapting eye viewed an equiluminant field than if it viewed a dark field. They recommended equiluminant occlusion of the non-adapted eye when measuring IOT of aftereffects. We tested this proposal in three experiments. First, we assessed IOT with equiluminant and dark occlusion for three different classes of aftereffects. Although transfer was greater with equiluminant occlusion for the translational MAE, there was no significant difference in the amount of transfer for the tilt aftereffect or the contrast threshold elevation effect. Second, we tested the hypothesis that spuriously large IOT could be the result of an aftereffect from tracking eye movements in the non-adapting eye. When potential tracking movements were reduced by using rotating spokes, a rotating spiral or contracting concentric circles, there was a corresponding reduction in the occlusion-dependent transfer. Third, we found that luminance shifts had no influence on the amount of transfer when all contours were eliminated from the non-adapting eye. We conclude that the type of occlusion used for measuring IOT of the translational MAE is important only when visible contours in the non-adapting eye contribute to the adapting process.

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Human optokinetic nystagmus: Competition between stationary and moving displays

Cited by 12 publications

References 21 publications

Ocular tracking responses to background motion gated by feature-based attention

Ocular tracking responses to background motion gated by feature-based attention

Neural mechanisms to incorporate visual counterevidence in self motion estimation

The effect of dark and equiluminant occlusion on the interocular transfer of visual aftereffects

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