Human Optical Axial Length and Defocus

Read, Scott A.; Collins, Michael J.; Sander, Beata P.

doi:10.1167/iovs.10-5457

Cited by 158 publications

(212 citation statements)

References 65 publications

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“…Similarly, some studies argue that increase in axial length decreases choroidal thickness while increased degree of myopia results in thinner choroid layer (20,21). In our study, we did not come across any significant correlation between average axial length and choroidal thickness.…”

Section: Methodscontrasting

confidence: 46%

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Subfoveal Choroidal Thickness in Relation to Axial Length and Refractive Errors in Adults Aged 20-40

Ekmen¹

2015

J Turgut Ozal Med Cent

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Aim: The aim of this study is to investigate the association between subfoveal choroidal thickness, ocular axial length, and refractive errors in healthy adults. Materials and Methods: A hundred eyes of 50 patients were included in this study. A full ophtalmic examination including best corrected visual acuity, refractive levels, and interferometric ocular axial length was applied to all the patients. The submacular choroidal was imaged using enhanced depth imaging spectral domain optical cohorence tomography. Subfoveal choroidal thickness was measured by two diifferent experts using visual inspection and manual fitting of the choroidal borderlines. Results: Of the 50 subjects, 24 were males and 26 were females. The results of the applied measurements were as follows: mean age: 28,9(±6,8); visual acuity: 0,95±0,16; mean subfoveal choroidal thickness: 302,64μm(±52,07); mean axial lentgh: 23,59mm(±0,94); mean intraoculer pressure 14,5±2,3; and mean spheric equivalent -0,47(±0,97). No significant difference between males and females was observed in terms of mean subfoveal choridal thickness. Multivariable linear regression suggested that age was not associated with subfoveal choroidal thickness (r=-0,247; p=0,106). There was no correlation between axial length and subfoveal choroidal thickness either (r=-0,128; p=0,234). There was, however, a positive correlation between spheric equivalents and subfoveal choroidal thickness (r=0,227; p=0,033). Conclusion: In this study, we found that subfoveal choroidal thickness was significantly associated with spheric equivalent while there was no association between axial length and subfoveal choroidal thickness. We also observed that there was no difference between males and females with regards to subfoveal choroidal thickness.

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Section: Methodscontrasting

confidence: 46%

“…In addition to various structural changes in the retina, increase in axial length also leads to a decrease in retinal function (21). Similarly, some studies argue that increase in axial length decreases choroidal thickness while increased degree of myopia results in thinner choroid layer (20,21).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Subfoveal Choroidal Thickness in Relation to Axial Length and Refractive Errors in Adults Aged 20-40

Ekmen¹

2015

J Turgut Ozal Med Cent

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“…It has previously been shown that additional manual analysis of the Lenstar A-scan data originating from the posterior eye can provide measurements of retinal thickness (RT, the distance from the inner limiting membrane to the retinal pigment epithelium) and ChT (the distance from the retinal pigment epithelium to posterior choroid). 4,7 This manual analysis in this study was performed by two independent masked observers. The estimates of ChT and RT from the two observers correlated closely (r 2 ¼ 0.94 and 0.99 for ChT and RT, respectively).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The development of precise optical techniques for the measurement of AXL has shown that a range of different physiological factors can lead to short-term changes in this biometric parameter. Changes in accommodation, [1][2][3] imposed defocus, 4 alterations in IOP 5,6 and water loading 7 have all been found to be associated with short term changes in human AXL. Significant diurnal variations in AXL have also been documented.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The short-term influence of exercise on axial length and intraocular pressure

Read

Collins

2011

Eye

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Purpose The aim of this study is to investigate the short-term influence of a period of dynamic exercise on axial length (AXL) and intraocular pressure (IOP) in young adult subjects.Patients and methods In all, 20 young adult subjects (10 myopes and 10 emmetropes) participated. Baseline measures of ocular biometrics, IOP and ocular pulse amplitude (OPA) were taken following a 20-min rest period. Subjects then performed 10 min of moderate intensity, low impact dynamic exercise (bicycle ergometry). Measures of ocular biometrics, IOP and OPA were repeated immediately after, and then 5 and 10 min after this exercise task. Systemic blood pressure and pulse rate were also monitored. A repeated measures analysis of variance was used to investigate the changes in the measured parameters. Results Exercise resulted in significant changes in a range of ocular parameters. A small but significant decrease in AXL was observed following exercise (Po0.0001). The largest change in AXL was noted immediately following exercise (mean decrease À17 ± 10 lm). IOP and OPA also decreased significantly following exercise (Po0.0001). A moderate but significant positive association was found between the changes in AXL and the changes in IOP (r 2 ¼ 0.36, Po0.0001). There were no significant differences found between the myopic and emmetropic subjects in the magnitude of changes observed in ocular parameters following exercise. Conclusion The physiological effects of dynamic exercise lead to changes in a range of ocular parameters, including significant reductions in IOP, OPA and decreases in AXL.

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“…Swarbrick et al (2015) describe this apparent axial shortening as partially due to an established reduction in central corneal epithelial thickness in OK wear (Alharbi and Swarbrick 2003) and partially due to speculative choroidal thickening. (Read et al 2010) The older age of the paediatric group here is also most similar to Swarbrick et al (2015), where all other studies demonstrate younger baseline ages and faster myopia progression. It or stability.…”

Section: Axial Length Changes and Binocular Visionsupporting

confidence: 58%

Binocular Visual Function in Orthokeratology Contact Lens Wear for Myopia

Gifford¹

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Human Optical Axial Length and Defocus

Cited by 158 publications

References 65 publications

Subfoveal Choroidal Thickness in Relation to Axial Length and Refractive Errors in Adults Aged 20-40

Subfoveal Choroidal Thickness in Relation to Axial Length and Refractive Errors in Adults Aged 20-40

The short-term influence of exercise on axial length and intraocular pressure

Binocular Visual Function in Orthokeratology Contact Lens Wear for Myopia

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