Human ocular dirofilariasis masquerading as a malignancy

Matri, Khaled El; Falfoul, Yousra; Elloumi, Amira Kallel; Maamouri, Mohamed; Chebil, Ahmed; Matri, M.; Kallel, K.; Matri, L. El

doi:10.1016/j.jfo.2020.02.025

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…While once thought to be dead-end hosts with no possibility of reproduction within humans, recent case reports of gravid Dirofilaria females [12] and the presence of microfilaremia [13] suggest otherwise. El Matri et al [14] reported a case that presented as a breast mass with axillary lymphadenopathy, mimicking a neoplasm, which subsequently migrated to the cheek, eyelid, and then subconjunctival space, further complicating the current paradigm. Intraocular dirofilariasis is less understood with proposed mechanisms including the direct invasion of the sclera and/or microfilaremia within the ocular blood supply.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ocular Dirofilariasis: A Clinicopathologic Case Series and Literature Review

Camacho,

Antonietti,

Sayegh

et al. 2023

Ocul Oncol Pathol

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Purpose Ocular dirofilariasis is an uncommon zoonotic infection that is usually associated with a carnivore host. In this case series and literature review we investigate the clinical presentation, management, and histopathology of ocular dirofilariasis. Methods The database at the Florida Lions Ocular Pathology Laboratory was searched for surgical specimens at the Bascom Palmer Eye Institute under approval of the institutional review board. Patients with a histopathologic diagnosis of dirofilariasis between the years of 1962 and 2022 from the Florida Lions Ocular Pathology laboratory database were included (n=3). A systematic Pubmed search was conducted by two independent authors to identify published cases of ophthalmic dirofilariasis worldwide. Keywords were used to identify articles and exclusion criteria were applied. Results Three patients, two males and one female, were identified from the Florida Lions Ocular Pathology database with a diagnosis of ocular dirofilariasis. The mean age was 46.7 years (with a range 33-57 years). There were two eyelid lesions (Cases 1 and 3) and one involving the subconjunctival space (Case 2). All three organisms were excised and presumptively identified as Dirofilaria tenuis. All three patients were managed with curative surgical removal and recovered completely. Our review of the literature identified 540 published reports with 142 published reports with 186 cases met the exclusion criteria. Conclusion We present a case series and literature review of ocular dirofilariasis. Knowledge of the incidence, risk factors, prevention and diagnosis of this unique parasitic infection will help in proper management and prevent further ocular complications.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ocular Dirofilariasis: A Clinicopathologic Case Series and Literature Review

Camacho,

Antonietti,

Sayegh

et al. 2023

Ocul Oncol Pathol

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“…Surgical treatment may be necessary in cases with epiretinal membrane, persistent vitreous opacity, and retinal detachment [95,115,169,170]. Alternative treatments, such as cryotherapy [171,172] and photocoagulation photocoagulation [173,174], may be considerable therapy modalities in specific patients; however, more research towards this direction is necessary.…”

Section: Ocular Toxocarosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Who Let the Dogs Out ? Unmasking the Neglected : A Com-prehensive Review on the Enduring Impact of Toxocarosis, a Prevalent Zoonotic Infection

Henke,

Ntovas,

Exadaktylos

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Toxocarosis remains an important neglected parasitic infection representing one of the most common zoonotic infections caused by the parasite Toxocara canis or less frequently by Toxocara cati. The epidemiology of the disease is complex due to its transmission route by accidental ingestion of embryonated Toxocara eggs or larvae from tissues from domestic or wild paratenic hosts. Even though Toxocara infects about 1,4 billion people worldwide, global epidemiological data regarding the relationship between seropositivity and toxocarosis is limited. Although the vast majority of the infected individuals remains asymptomatic or experiences a mild disease, the infection is associated with important health and socioeconomic consequences, particularly in underprivileged, tropical, and subtropical areas. Toxocarosis is a disease with multiple clinical presentations, which are classified into five distinct forms: the classical visceral larva migrans, ocular toxocarosis, common toxocarosis, covert toxocarosis, and cerebral toxocarosis or neurotoxocarosis. Anthelmintic agents as for example albendazole or mebendazole is the recommended treatment, whereas a combination with topical or systemic corticosteroids for specific forms is suggested. Prevention strategies include educational programs, behavioural and hygienic changes, enhancement of the role of veterinarians, and anthelmintic regimens to control active infections.

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