Human occupation of Northwest Africa: A review of Middle Palaeolithic to Epipalaeolithic sites in Morocco

Linstädter, Jörg; Eiwanger, Josef; Mikdad, A; Weniger, Gerd-Christian

doi:10.1016/j.quaint.2012.02.017

Cited by 74 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…Both indicators suggest a connection between the Italian area and the African coast, although various authors are reluctant to accept this connection, arguing that some of these islands were uninhabited until the Bronze Age (Zilhão 2014). Unfortunately, this issue cannot be determined without a greater precision in the radiocarbon dataset on the south side of the Gibraltar Strait, although interesting advances are being made (Linstädter et al 2012;Morales et al 2013).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

New insights into the neolithisation process in southwest Europe according to spatial density analysis from calibrated radiocarbon dates

Puchol

Castillo

Gordó

2017

Archaeol Anthropol Sci

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The agricultural way of life spreads throughout Europe via two main routes: the Danube corridor and the Mediterranean basin. Current archaeological literature describes the arrival to the Western Mediterranean as a rapid process which involves both demic and cultural models, and in this regard, the dispersal movement has been investigated using mathematical models, where the key factors are time and space. In this work, we have created a compilation of all available radiocarbon dates for the whole of Iberia, in order to draw a chronological series of maps to illustrate temporal and spatial patterns in the neolithisation process. The maps were prepared by calculating the calibrated 14C date probability density curves, as a proxy to show the spatial dynamics of the last hunter-gatherers and first farmers. Several scholars have pointed out problems linked with the variability of samples, such as the overrepresentation of some sites, the degree of regional research, the nature of the dated samples and above all the archaeological context, but we are confident that the selected dates, after applying some filters and statistical protocols, constitute a good way to approach settlement spatial patterns in Iberia at the time of the neolithisation process.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

New insights into the neolithisation process in southwest Europe according to spatial density analysis from calibrated radiocarbon dates

Puchol

Castillo

Gordó

2017

Archaeol Anthropol Sci

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“…How can we detect traces of cultural contact? While for more recent periods a critical assessment of models for interregional interaction scenarios has taken place (Cusick, 1998;Stein, 2002) (Garralda, 2005;Linstädter et al, 2012). The cited definition of cultural contact does not include a differentiation of the intensity of movements.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is generally accepted that big similarities between Middle Palaeolithic inventories in the South of the Iberian Peninsula and North Africa exist Cortés Sánchez et al, 2012;Linstädter et al, 2012;Collina-Girard & Bouzouggar, 2013;Ramos-Muñoz, 2013). These similarities concentrate on techno-typological aspects such as side-scrapers, Mousterian points and lithic reduction strategies (Ramos-Muñoz et al, 2014: 16).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cultural contact over the Strait of Gibraltar during the Middle Palaeolithic? Evaluating the visibility of cultural exchange

Tafelmaier¹,

Pastoors²,

Weniger³

2018

Munibe, Antropol.-Arkeol.

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Possible contacts between hunter-gatherers of Northern Africa and Europe via the Strait of Gibraltar during the Pleistocene are still object to discussions. In the absence of significant fossil remains, debates are mainly based on similarities and differences of singular aspects of material culture. However, a theoretical framework for these discussions was lacking. The first aim of this study thus has been the development of a theoretical base. We therein included Maslow´s pyramid of basic needs. The idea of our approach is that the presence or absence of so-called cultural tracers identify either contact or disparity. A large database on archaeological sites of Morocco and Southern Iberia dating between 160 ka and 40 ka years ago has been compiled, containing information about lithic technology and typology, lithic raw material acquisition, subsistence patterns and symbolic behaviour. We formulated three potential contact scenarios between the two regions. The presence and/ or absence of so-called cultural tracers within the data set, that covered all levels of Maslow´s pyramid, led us to conclude that -based on the present archaeological and anthropological data -no contact took place between Iberian and North African populations across the Strait of Gibraltar in the given time frame. RESUMENContactos entre grupos humanos del Pleistoceno superior entre África del Norte y la Península Ibérica cruzando el Estrecho de Gibraltar están siendo objeto de debates. Por la falta de fósiles humanos significativos el debate se centra básicamente en similitudes y diferencias en la cultura material. Pero todavía falta un marco metodológico para la discusión. Este trabajo intenta la presentación de una base teórica preliminar. La pirámide de Maslow con necesidades básicas forma parte de estas reflexiones. La ausencia o presencia de marcadores culturales indica según nuestro enfoque contactos o disparidades. En un banco de datos de yacimientos arqueológicos entre 160 ka y 40 ka de Marruecos y del sur de España hemos compilado información sobre tecnología de inventarios líticos, aprovisionamiento de materias primas, patrones de asentamiento y comportamiento simbólico. Se pueden formular tres escenarios de contacto entre ambas regiones. La aplicación de marcadores culturales in relación con la pirámide entera de Maslow indica que según la información actual no se pueden demostrar contactos entre ambos continentes. LABURPENAIparraldeko Afrikaren eta Iberiar penintsularen artean, Gibraltargo itsasartea zeharkatuta, Goi-pleistozenoan giza taldeen artean izan ziren harremanak eztabaidagai bihurtu dira. Gizakiaren fosil esanguratsurik ez dagoenez, eztabaidaren gai nagusia, batez ere, kultura materialean dauden antzekotasunak eta aldeak dira. Baina oraindik eztabaidarako testuinguru metodologikoa falta da. Lan honen helburua da aurretiazko oinarri teorikoa aurkeztea. Oinarrizko beharrak dituen Maslow piramidea gogoeta horien baitan dago. Gure ustez, markatzaile kulturalik ez izateak edo halakoak izateak harremanak edo desber...

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“…), 2010 ; Nespoulet et al, 2008aNespoulet et al, , 2008b. Dans cette perspective, soulignons l'importance de la séquence d'Ifri N'amar (Nami et Moser, 2010), où les ensembles pédoncu-lés sont documentés à partir de 145 ± 9 Ka, antérieurement également aux exemples de Mode 3, ce qui tendrait à démontrer la diversité technologique et chronostratigraphique de ces occupations, lesquelles ont été mises en relation avec les variations technologiques de l'Afrique du Nord au cours du Paléolithique moyen (Linstäedter et al, 2012 ;Nami et Moser, 2010 : 263). En l'état actuel de la recherche, il semble évident de prendre en compte l'interstratification des couches atériennes et de celles renvoyant au Mode 3-Paléolithique moyen pour l'Afrique du Nord (Collina-Girard et Bouzouggar, 2013).…”

Section: Cadre Régional Et Contexte Historiqueunclassified

L’abri de Benzú (Ceuta). Un site avec une technologie de Mode 3-Paléolithique moyen dans le Nord de l’Afrique

Ramos

Vijande

Cantillo

et al. 2015

Comptes Rendus Palevol

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Human occupation of Northwest Africa: A review of Middle Palaeolithic to Epipalaeolithic sites in Morocco

Cited by 74 publications

References 52 publications

New insights into the neolithisation process in southwest Europe according to spatial density analysis from calibrated radiocarbon dates

New insights into the neolithisation process in southwest Europe according to spatial density analysis from calibrated radiocarbon dates

Cultural contact over the Strait of Gibraltar during the Middle Palaeolithic? Evaluating the visibility of cultural exchange

L’abri de Benzú (Ceuta). Un site avec une technologie de Mode 3-Paléolithique moyen dans le Nord de l’Afrique

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