Human neutrophils produce IL-12, IL-10, PGE2 and LTB4 in response to Paracoccidioides brasiliensis. Involvement of TLR2, mannose receptor and dectin-1

Induction of human IL-10-producing neutrophils by LPS-stimulated Treg cells and IL-10

“…[8][9][10]12,14 Our previous study has shown that LPS-activated Treg cells promote the generation of suppressive neutrophils that produce IL-10. 14 To better understand the phenomenon of IL-10 production by human neutrophils and to confirm our previous findings, we have applied immunocytochemistry (ICC) as one of the technique of our investigations.…”

“…11 More recently, IL-10 production was demonstrated in human neutrophils in response to Paracoccidioides brasiliensis. 12 The present study proposes an alternative mechanism of IL-10 induction in human neutrophils involving LPS-stimulated Treg cells.…”

Participation of dectin-1 receptor on NETs release against Paracoccidioides brasiliensis: Role on extracellular killing

“…Due to its specificity for betaglucan, dectin-1 receptor can recognize a variety of fungal species including P. brasiliensis (Balderramas et al, 2014;Bonfim et al, 2009;Drummond and Brown, 2011). However, there are few studies showing the involvement of this receptor as well as others such as TLR2 and TLR4 on functions of phagocytic cells in response to P. brasiliensis (Balderramas et al, 2014;Bonfim et al, 2009;Ferreira et al, 2007;Tavares et al, 2012;González et al, 2008). Then, we used a Picogreen Kit which is adopted for most of the studies aiming to quantifying these NETs structures.…”

“…This process involves a number of receptors denominated "pattern-recognition receptors" (PRRs), that recognize molecular structures shared by a large number of microorganisms termed "pathogen-associated molecular patterns" (PAMPs). Among the PRRs involved in fungi recognition are the toll-like (TLRs) and C-type lectin receptors (Romani, 2011;Robinson et al, 2006;Acorci-Valério et al, 2010;Balderramas et al, 2014). Specifically in relation to P. brasiliensis, TLR2, TLR4 and dectin-1 receptor have been highlighted (Bonfim et al, 2009).…”

Severe Paracoccidioidomycosis in a 14-Year-Old Boy

“…Paracoccidioides brasiliensis is also capable of inducing the release of eicosanoids, like prostaglandins (PGE) and leukotrienes (LTB) by phagocytes [38,39], which is considered an escape mechanism of the fungus. Mice deficient in the 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO) enzyme, necessary for LTB production, are resistant to P. brasiliensis infection and present reduced number of fungal cells in affected tissues and organs [40].…”