Human Myxovirus Resistance Protein 1 (MxA) as a useful marker in the differential diagnosis of subcutaneous lymphoma vs. lupus erythematosus profundus

The presence of clusters of plasmacytoid dendritic cells is a helpful feature for differentiating lupus panniculitis from subcutaneous panniculitis‐like T‐cell lymphoma

“…The presence of PDCs had been demonstrated to be a useful adjunctive diagnostic marker for cutaneous marginal zone B‐cell lymphoma and for differentiating hypertrophic LE from squamous cell carcinoma and actinic keratosis . Similarly to our rationale, human myxovirus resistance protein 1, a surrogate marker of interferon‐α activity, was also recently found to be differentially expressed in LP and subcutaneous lymphomas (SPTCL and primary cutaneous γ/δ T‐cell lymphoma) . Our results showed that clusters of PDCs were present in LP lesions, whereas in SPTCL lesions PDCs were absent or few in number in most cases.…”

Cutaneous Hematopathology

“…In addition, subcutaneous lymphoid dyscrasia was also referred by Guitart et al to a group that includes lupus profundus to atypical lymphocytic lobular panniculitis to indolent panniculitic lymphomas (Magro et al 2001(Magro et al , 2004Magro and Wang 2012 ). The discussion below suggests that clonal T cells in a biopsy of a patient with lobular panniculitis do not necessarily equate to a lymphoma.…”

“…Changes in endothelial structure and acquisition of addressins facilitate skin homing above the subcutis (Lechleitner et al 1999 ). Gamma-delta T cells and their malignant counterparts can be partially localized to the panniculus (Magro and Wang 2012 ). The less frequent skin epithelial localization of these cells and their rela-tive lower density compared to alpha-beta T cells are well recognized (Hocker et al 2012 ).…”

“…Recently, Wang and Magro demonstrated the usefulness of IHC staining of human myxovirus resistance protein 1 (MxA) in the differential diagnosis of LEP from SPTCL and PCGD-TCL (Wang and Magro 2012 ). In SPTCL and GDTCL, MxA was primarily seen in macrophages and generally did not exceed 20 % of the infi ltrate.…”

Immunological Changes and Increased Expression of Myxovirus Resistance Protein A in Thyroid Tissue of Patients with Recent Onset and Untreated Graves' Disease

“…However, there is still no real evidence that this occurs in response to viral infection. High expression of MxA also occurs in patients suffering from other autoimmune diseases such as lupus erythematosus and psoriasis (34,35). Moreover, MxA has been widely studied in serum from patients with multiple sclerosis, mainly as a measure for bioactivity of IFN treatment (36,37).…”