“…Noise usually accompanies images during acquisition or transmission, resulting in contrast reduction, color shift, and poor visual quality. The interference of noise not only contaminates the naturalness of an image, but also damages the precision of various computer vision-based applications, such as semantic segmentation [ 1 , 2 ], motion tracking [ 3 , 4 ], action recognition [ 5 , 6 ], and object detection [ 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 ], to name a few. Consequently, noise removal for these applications has attracted great interest as a preprocessing task over the last two decades.…”