Human monocytes/macrophages activation state influences the modulatory effect of fish oil lipid emulsion on HLA-DR expression

Fish Oil Lipid Emulsions and Immune Response: What Clinicians Need to Know

“…Incubation with SMOF LE was also studied and did not change the expression of HLA-DR, regardless of the stage of leukocyte activation, indicating the neutral character of this emulsion on this variable. 57 These experimental data suggest that the FO LE, alone or as a supplement, can prevent enhanced leukocyte activation and immune cell response. Furthermore, its modulating effect can be influenced by leukocyte activation.…”

“…SMOF LE containing 15% fish oil (a formula that is very similar to the studied experimental mixtures of FO LE with MCT/LCT LE) frequently had a neutral effect on several immunologic variables when assessed by our team. [56][57][58] These discrepancies may be related to the fact that SMOF LE contains olive oil, rich in ω-9 monounsaturated FAs. The affinity of ω-3, ω-6, and ω-9 FAs for incorporation in cell membranes decreases in the order as listed.…”

“…[60][61][62][63][64] Our studies frequently indicated that the modulating effect of an FO LE is greater or occurs only when the FO LE is combined with MCT/LCT LE. [56][57][58] The best effects observed with the mixture of FO LE with MCT/LCT LE may be related to improved cell use of these FAs. Because MCTs are more rapidly degraded by the lipoprotein lipase, they are a quick source of energy, which helps to release ω-3 PUFAs so that they can be incorporated into the phospholipid membranes and used by the cells.…”