Human-Mobility-Based Sensor Context-Aware Routing Protocol for Delay-Tolerant Data Gathering in Multi-Sink Cell-Phone-Based Sensor Networks

Abstract

Ubiquitous use of cell phones encourages development of novel applications with sensors embedded in cell phones. The collection of information generated by these devices is a challenging task considering volatile topologies and energy-based scarce resources. Further, the data delivery to the sink is delay tolerant. Mobility of cell phones is opportunistically exploited for forwarding sensor generated data towards the sink. Human mobility model shows truncated power law distribution of flight length, pause time, and intercontact time. The power law behavior of inter-contact time often discourages routing of data using naive forwarding schemes. This work exploits the flight length and the pause time distributions of human mobility to design a better and efficient routing strategy. We propose a Human-Mobility-based Sensor Context-Aware Routing protocol (HMSCAR), which exploits human mobility patterns to smartly forward data towards the sink basically comprised of wi-fi hot spots or cellular base stations. The simulation results show that HMSCAR significantly outperforms the SCAR, SFR, and GRAD-MOB on the aspects of delivery ratio and time delay. A multi-sink scenario and single-copy replication scheme is assumed.

An Intelligent Strategy for Tactical Movements of UAVs in Disaster Scenarios

“…Other research efforts are put in validating existing mobility models through the usage of such real mobility traces [27,28]. These trends are both promising research approaches for designing and analyzing new mobility models representing normal mobility situations (e.g., the mobility of persons during a normal working day and a normal weekend day) and also for studying the routing protocols performance with these mobility models [29,30]. However, it is important to notice that there are neither other works nor information about real movements of victims in a disaster-like situation.…”

Human-Mobility-Based Spray and Wait: Efficient Routing Protocol for Pocket Switched Networks

“…The determination of parameter H u depends on calculation of flight, which a node takes, it is a super flight length or not [8].…”

“…Super pause counter P scount (u) in (4) is changed from 1 to 0 if a node pauses for more than P stime(u) time. [8] P (u) = 0 ; P scount(u) > 0,…”

Evaluating Joint Routing and Scheduling in Opportunistic Sensor Network Under Levy Walk Nature of Human Mobility Model

“…limited storage space compels to find a solution for managing the buffer space available with each of the mobile nodes, this concept lead us to jointly use the scheduling, routing and buffer management for opportunistic sensor network environment. [2] . This paper proposes a set of queuing policies co mbined with probabilistic routing, along with hu man mob ility model.…”