Human Milk Provision Experiences, Goals, and Outcomes for Teen Mothers with Low-Birth-Weight Infants in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit

Abstract

Most of the teen mothers' lactation barriers reflected their adolescent developmental stage. Potential interventions are identified and include focus groups with teen mothers and maternal grandmothers and lactation support by NICU-based teen breastfeeding peer counselors.

Breastfeeding experience in infant with low birthweight during the pandemic

“…However, maintaining lactation is challenge and face an obstacle, such as feeling afraid to be intimidated, the problem of body image, grandmom's influence from mother's side, feeling depressed or dilemmatic about pumping and back to work. Most of lactation inhibition of teenage mother reflect to their development stage (Rossman et al, 2017). In line with the study conducted by (Wijaya & Makiyah, 2021) about mother's experience having physical barriers in facing the challenge and obstacle in breastfeeding.…”

Mediators of racial and ethnic disparity in mother’s own milk feeding in very low birth weight infants

“…Teen mothers relied on their mothers’ advice despite grandmothers lacking breastfeeding experience or knowledge. ( 34 ) Pilot studies of breastfeeding education for grandmothers in non-NICU settings demonstrate equivocal results, with grandmothers receiving the intervention demonstrating improvement in breastfeeding knowledge without accompanying changes in attitude. ( 35 ) However, NICU breastfeeding education targeting grandmothers may be a strategy to address this modifiable factor and merits further investigation.…”

Racial and socioeconomic disparities in breast milk feedings in US neonatal intensive care units

“…These economic considerations give rise to further inequities because providing MOM is typically seen as a mother's "job" or "special gift that only she can provide." [119][120][121][122][123][124] The out-of-pocket and opportunity costs are seldom recognized by NICU staff and hospital administrators, perpetuating the subtle disparity that black mothers who are unable to adhere to MOM provision are also less involved in infant care and lack of interest in breastfeeding. In contrast, research reveals that black mothers initiate MOM provision when encouraged by the NICU staff because they understand MOM's beneficial effects on their infants' health.…”

“…In contrast, research reveals that black mothers initiate MOM provision when encouraged by the NICU staff because they understand MOM's beneficial effects on their infants' health. [120][121][122][123][124] However, current NICU strategies do not address the economic burden of MOM provision faced by mothers which is particularly relevant to low SES mothers, and may exacerbate inequities given that low SES mediates black−white disparities. 29 In contrast, when MOM is not available for VLBW infants, the NICU acquires (i.e., assumes all the costs) DHM as the recommended alternative, although DHM feedings do not afford the same protections of MOM feedings.…”

“…136 Another potential model is the provision of breastfeeding education to fathers and other family members to increase support for the lactating mother, as some mothers report unsupportive behavior for pumping or providing MOM. 121 Enhance communication Healthcare providers exhibit implicit bias at similar levels as the general population. A systematic review demonstrated a significant positive relationship between level of implicit bias and lower quality of care and/or communication.…”