Human Milk Oligosaccharides Protect against Necrotizing Enterocolitis by Inhibiting Intestinal Damage via Increasing the Proliferation of Crypt Cells

Wang, Chenyuan; Zhang, Ming; Guo, Huiyuan; Yan, Jingyu; Fan, Lida; Chen, Jianliang; Li, Yiran; Ren, Fazheng

doi:10.1002/mnfr.201900262

Cited by 56 publications

(58 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…The key results of previous studies in this field need to be discussed. Some studies found that colostrum was effective in reducing the rate of NEC, revealing its effect in building up immunity [11,[39][40][41][42]. Term babies could suck their mothers' nipples to obtain breast milk and their immunity would be triggered through the first bite with colostrum being served as stimulator [43,44].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of oropharyngeal administration of colostrum on the incidence of necrotizing enterocolitis, late-onset sepsis, and death in preterm infants: a meta-analysis of RCTs

et al. 2020

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Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) and late-onset sepsis (LOS) are two major contributors to death among preterm infants. Oropharyngeal administration of colostrum (OAC) has been proved as an easy, safe, and economically viable technique to help preterm neonates to build up their immunity. In this review, we assessed the effects of OAC on preterm infants. Several mainstream databases were searched including PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), and a website of clinical trials. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing OAC vs. placebo or no intervention in preterm infants (gestation age <34 weeks or birth weight <1500 g) were eligible. Overall, nine RCTs (n = 689) were included in the review. Meta-analysis showed no statistical significance in terms of the incidence of NEC (RR = 0.59, 95% CI = 0.33-1.06, p = 0.08), LOS (RR = 0.78, 95% CI = 0.60-1.03, p = 0.08) and mortality rate (RR = 0.63, 95% CI = 0.38-1.05, p = 0.07). No significant difference was found in the subgroup analysis, apart from the group of the undeveloped region in NEC and mortality. In addition, time was significantly reduced in terms of achieving full enteral feeding (MD = −3.60, 95% CI = −6.55-0.64, p = 0.02) and hospital stay (MD = −10.38, 95% CI = −18.47-2.29, p = 0.01). The results show that OAC does not reduce the incidences of NEC, LOS, and death in preterm infants, but there is a trend toward a positive effect. It is therefore recommended as routine care for preterm infants in the NICU.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of oropharyngeal administration of colostrum on the incidence of necrotizing enterocolitis, late-onset sepsis, and death in preterm infants: a meta-analysis of RCTs

et al. 2020

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“…The human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) select the growth of commensals such as Bifidobacteria and prevent the growth of potential pathogens such as Clostridium difficile [41,42]. Moreover, HMOs enhance overall barrier integrity by making enterocytes less vulnerable to bacterial-induced innate immunity [43]. Therefore, breast-feeding seems to be ideal for the engraftment of a symbiotic gut microbiome.…”

Section: Microbiome Environmental Factors and Gut Inflammation: Imentioning

confidence: 99%

Celiac Disease and the Microbiome

2019

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Growing evidence supports the hypothesis that changes in both the composition and function of the intestinal microbiome are associated with a number of chronic inflammatory diseases including celiac disease (CD). One of the major advances in the field of microbiome studies over the last few decades has been the development of culture-independent approaches to identify and quantify the components of the human microbiota. The study of nucleic acids DNA and RNA found in feces or other biological samples bypasses the need for tissue cultures and also allows the characterization of non-cultivable microbes. Current evidence on the composition of the intestinal microbiome and its role as a causative trigger for CD is highly heterogeneous and sometimes contradictory. This review is aimed at summarizing both pre-clinical (basic science data) and clinical (cross-sectional and prospective studies) evidence addressing the relationship between the intestinal microbiome and CD.

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“…The NEC model was developed as described by Wang et al [ 16 ]. On the first day after birth, nine SPF class Sprague-Dawley rat pups were used, including three in the control group and six in the NEC model group.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Small RNA Sequencing Reveals Differentially Expressed miRNAs in Necrotizing Enterocolitis in Rats

Wang

Jiang

et al. 2020

BioMed Research International

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Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is the leading cause of death due to gastrointestinal disease in preterm infants. The role of miRNAs in NEC is still unknown. The objective of this study was to identify differentially expressed (DE) miRNAs in rats with NEC and analyze their possible roles. In this study, a NEC rat model was established using Sprague-Dawley rat pups. Small RNA sequencing was used to analyze the miRNA expression profiles in the NEC and control rats. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses were carried out to identify target mRNAs for the DE miRNAs and to explore their potential roles. The DE miRNAs were verified by real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). The status of intestinal injury and the elevated levels of inflammatory cytokines in the NEC group confirmed that the NEC model was successfully established. The 16 miRNAs were found to be differentially expressed between the NEC group and the control group of rats. Bioinformatics analysis indicated that the parental genes of the DE miRNAs were predominantly implicated in the phosphorylation, cell migration, and protein phosphorylation processes. Moreover, the DE miRNAs were mainly found to be involved in the pathways of axon guidance, endocytosis, and focal adhesion, as well as in the Wnt signaling pathway, which is related to colitis. The expression patterns of the candidate miRNAs (rno-miR-27a-5p and rno-miR-187-3p), as assessed by RT-qPCR, were in accordance with the expression patterns obtained by miRNA-sequencing. The miRNA/mRNA/pathway network revealed that rno-miR-27a-5p and rno-miR-187-3p might be involved in NEC via the Wnt signaling pathway. We found an altered miRNA expression pattern in rats with NEC. We hypothesize that rno-miR-27a-5p and rno-miR-187-3p might mediate the NEC pathophysiological processes via the Wnt signaling pathway.

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Human Milk Oligosaccharides Protect against Necrotizing Enterocolitis by Inhibiting Intestinal Damage via Increasing the Proliferation of Crypt Cells

Cited by 56 publications

References 52 publications

Effects of oropharyngeal administration of colostrum on the incidence of necrotizing enterocolitis, late-onset sepsis, and death in preterm infants: a meta-analysis of RCTs

Effects of oropharyngeal administration of colostrum on the incidence of necrotizing enterocolitis, late-onset sepsis, and death in preterm infants: a meta-analysis of RCTs

Celiac Disease and the Microbiome

Small RNA Sequencing Reveals Differentially Expressed miRNAs in Necrotizing Enterocolitis in Rats

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