Human milk microbiota associated with early colonization of the neonatal gut in Mexican newborns

Abstract

Background Human milk microbiota plays a role in the bacterial colonization of the neonatal gut, which has important consequences in the health and development of the newborn. However, there are few studies about the vertical transfer of bacteria from mother to infant in Latin American populations. Methods We performed a cross-sectional study characterizing the bacterial diversity of 67 human milk-neonatal stool pairs by high-throughput sequencing of V3-16S rDNA libraries, to assess the effect of the human milk microbiota on the bacterial composition of the neonate’s gut at early days. Results Human milk showed higher microbial diversity as compared to the neonatal stool. Members of the Staphylococcaceae and Sphingomonadaceae families were more prevalent in human milk, whereas the Pseudomonadaceae family, Clostridium and Bifidobacterium genera were in the neonatal stool. The delivery mode showed association with the neonatal gut microbiota diversity, but not with the human milk microbiota diversity; for instance, neonates born by C-section showed greater richness and diversity in stool microbiota than those born vaginally. We found 25 bacterial taxa shared by both ecosystems and 67.7% of bacteria found in neonate stool were predicted to originate from human milk. This study contributes to the knowledge of human milk and neonatal stool microbiota in healthy Mexican population and supports the idea of vertical mother-neonate transmission through exclusive breastfeeding.

Compositional analysis of the bacterial community in colostrum samples from women with gestational diabetes mellitus and obesity

“…Overall, our results show that colostrum microbial composition are overrepresented with Staphylococcaceae and Rhizobiaceae taxonomic families ( Figure 1A). Staphylococcus, Chryseobacterium, Streptococcus and Sphingomonas were the most abundant genera in our data set, which correlates with the microbial composition of breastmilk from women from Mexico, Taiwan, Finland and China (Beijing area) [25,28,30]. Other datasets showed Pseudomonas and Staphylococcus as predominant taxa in breastmilk samples from Spanish and Irish individuals in addition to commensal and obligate anaerobes such as Bi dobacterium and Bacteroides [27,31].…”

“…We identi ed batch effect for Pseudomonas, Enterobacteriaceae, Ralstonia and Herbaspirillum across our dataset. Even though Pseudomonas and Enterobacteriaceae are part of other breastmilk microbial compositional studies [8,[25][26][27][28] we decided to remove them from our dataset as clear batch effect is observed ( Supplementary Figure 1).…”

“…Detailed analysis allowed us to identify batch effect across our dataset for Pseudomonas, Enterobacteriaceae, Ralstonia and Herbaspirillum ( Supplementary Figure 1). Even though such taxonomic groups have been reported in different breastmilk studies, including in a cohort of Mexican individuals [8,25,27,28], we decided to remove them from our dataset.…”

“…Rhodobacteraceae was observed in higher proportion in GDM-female (GD-F) compared to healthy-female (NW-F) (adjusted p-value < 0.1). Rhodobacteraceae has been mostly reported in soil [63], but also in breastmilk from healthy Mexican women [25], human skin [64], meconium [65] and fecal samples from patients suffering from diarrhea [66].…”

Compositional Analysis Of The Bacterial Community In Colostrum Samples From Women With Gestational Diabetes Mellitus And Obesity

“…Rhodobacteraceae was observed in higher proportion in GDM-female (GD-F) compared to healthy-female (NW-F) (adjusted p-value ≤ 0.1). Rhodobacteraceae has been mostly reported in soil [64], but also in breastmilk from healthy Mexican women [65], human skin [66], meconium [67] and fecal samples from patients suffering from diarrhea [68].…”