Human milk fat substitutes: Advances and constraints of enzyme‐catalyzed production

Ferreira‐Dias, Suzana; Tecelão, Carla

doi:10.1002/lite.201400043

Cited by 30 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 5 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…However, high amounts of FFA are undesirable due to the cost of recycling of unconverted substrates and product recovery, as well as inactivation effects on some enzymes Ferreira-Dias and Tecelão, 2014). However, high amounts of FFA are undesirable due to the cost of recycling of unconverted substrates and product recovery, as well as inactivation effects on some enzymes Ferreira-Dias and Tecelão, 2014).…”

Section: Influence Of Ethyl Oleate/tripalmitin Mr On Oleic Acid Incormentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Acidolysis reaction of tripalmitin or butterfat or lard (rich in palmitic acid at sn-2 position) with oleic acid or polyunsaturated fatty acids or interesterification of tripalmitin (or other oils containing palmitic acid at sn-2 position) with blends of oils, are the most used reactions, as presented in several reviews , 2019Ferreira-Dias and Tecelão, 2014;Şahín-Yeşilçubuk and Akoh, 2017). Reaction systems in the absence of organic solvent show several advantages namely: lower extent of acyl-migration, environmentally friendly and, thus, preferred for food production, and easier product purification.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Production of Human Milk Fat Substitutes by Interesterification of Tripalmitin with Ethyl Oleate Catalyzed by Candida parapsilosis Lipase/Acyltransferase

Tecelão

Perrier

Dubreucq

et al. 2019

J Americ Oil Chem Soc

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In human milk fat, the saturated fatty acids, namely palmitic acid, are located at the sn-2 position of triacylglycerols (TAG) while unsaturated fatty acids (e.g. oleic acid) are esterified at position sn-1,3. Thus, sn-1,3-dioleoyl-2-palmitoylglycerol (OPO) is the target TAG to be used as human milk fat substitutes (HMFS) in infant formulas. In this study, the noncommercial recombinant lipase/acyltransferase from Candida parapsilosis (CpLIP2) was immobilized in Accurel MP1000, and used as a biocatalyst for the interesterification of tripalmitin with ethyl oleate in a solvent-free medium, to obtain structured lipids used as HMFS. Different molar ratios (MR) of ethyl oleate to tripalmitin (2:1-8:1) were used. After 4 h reaction at 60 C, about 30 mol% of oleic acid incorporation was already observed for all tested MR. An apparent equilibrium was reached after 8-24 h, with 32-51 mol% final incorporation, increasing with the MR. The incorporation of oleic acid into TAG was compared with the maximum predicted values when a random or a sn-1,3-regioselective biocatalyst was used. The obtained values are consistent with the maximum incorporation expected for a sn-1,-3-regioselective enzyme. In fact, the amount of oleic acid at position sn-2 was approximately 15% for all the MR tested, which is explained by the acyl migration phenomenon. CpLIP2 exhibited higher activity than most commercial immobilized lipases (e.g. faster reaction in solvent-free media, low enzyme load, and low MR needed), and showed a recognized sn-1,3 regioselective behavior. Keywords Candida parapsilosis lipase acyltransferase Á Ethyl oleate Á Human milk fat substitute Á sn-1,3 regioselective enzyme Á Structured lipids J Am Oil Chem Soc (2019) 96: 777-787. Abbreviations CpLIP2 recombinant lipase/acyltransferase from Candida parapsilosis FAME fatty acid methyl ester HMF human-milk fat HMFS human-milk fat substitutes MR molar ratio(s) omega-3 PUFA omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid(s) OPO 1,3-dioleoyl-2-palmitoylglycerol SL structured lipid(s) TAG triacylglycerol(s)

show abstract

Section: Influence Of Ethyl Oleate/tripalmitin Mr On Oleic Acid Incormentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Production of Human Milk Fat Substitutes by Interesterification of Tripalmitin with Ethyl Oleate Catalyzed by Candida parapsilosis Lipase/Acyltransferase

Tecelão

Perrier

Dubreucq

et al. 2019

J Americ Oil Chem Soc

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Difficulties in optimization of composition, prediction of structure of the final product, and purification of reaction products as well as acyl migration are the disadvantages of transesterification [60].…”

Section: Transesterificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In acidolysis, immobilized commercial lipases Lipozyme RM IM, Lipozyme TL IM, and Novozym 435 are studied commonly. Non-commercial immobilized lipases such as Carica papaya latex, recombinant Rhizopus oryzae lipase (rROL), and Candida parapsilosis lipase can be used, but immobilized commercial lipases are preferred for interesterification [60].…”

Section: Acidolysismentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Biotechnological and Novel Approaches for Designing Structured Lipids Intended for Infant Nutrition

Şahin‐Yeşilçubuk

Akoh²

2017

J Americ Oil Chem Soc

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Human milk fat (HMF) is a perfect nutritional source that includes all the required ingredients which are necessary for the growth of infants up to 6 months. Although its composition may differ among mothers or during lactation stage, its unique triacylglycerol (TAG) structure remains constant which is characterized by the presence of palmitic acid (PA) at the sn‐2 position. Previous reports provided convincing information of higher PA and calcium absorption and efficient use of dietary energy when at this specific position in the TAG moiety than when PA is at the sn‐1,3 positions. During the design of structured lipids (SLs) intended for infant nutrition, this unique property is taken into consideration. Human milk fat substitutes (HMFS) enriched with important fatty acids such as omega‐3 and omega‐6 fatty acids are intended to better mimic the functions of HMF as well as provide associated health benefits. The use of microencapsulation technology and novel technologies such as ultrasound technology in conjunction with SL production and enzyme‐catalyzed reactions are evolving and ongoing issues in infant formula production. Therefore, further studies should be directed towards new process improvements in order to increase the functional properties and oxidative stabilities of HMFS. Novel technologies in lipid biotechnology related to HMFS preparation should also be explored.

show abstract

Lipids in Infant Formula

Zou

Zhang²,

Pedersen

et al. 2020

Bailey's Industrial Oil and Fat Products

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Human milk (HM) provides the ideal nourishment for infant growth and cognitive development. The new advances in component and microstructure analyses of HM provide solid knowledge for developing better infant formulas to mimic HM to the largest extent possible. In this article, we reviewed the latest progress in the analysis and understanding of the physical structures, composition, and phospholipids and other minor components in HM lipids, as well as in its counterpart infant formula (IF) lipids. The similarities and differences of lipids between HM and IF suggest the gaps to be narrowed for improved IF development, as the theme of IF lipids studies, which are not only on fatty acid composition, but also on triacylglycerol (TAG) profiles and minor lipid species and level of supplements. The efforts and researches in searching alternative oils and fats and development of related chemical/enzymatic processes comprise a key focus of this article. The specifications to regulate IF market, marketing trend, and patenting status are also intensively discussed. Moreover, the risk substance controls of 3‐monochloro‐1,2‐propanediol (3‐MCPD esters) and glycidyl esters (GE) and the strategy to mitigate them during IF lipid process are also reviewed.

show abstract

Human milk fat substitutes: Advances and constraints of enzyme‐catalyzed production

Cited by 30 publications

References 5 publications

Production of Human Milk Fat Substitutes by Interesterification of Tripalmitin with Ethyl Oleate Catalyzed by Candida parapsilosis Lipase/Acyltransferase

Production of Human Milk Fat Substitutes by Interesterification of Tripalmitin with Ethyl Oleate Catalyzed by Candida parapsilosis Lipase/Acyltransferase

Biotechnological and Novel Approaches for Designing Structured Lipids Intended for Infant Nutrition

Lipids in Infant Formula

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About