Human Milk Fat Globule Membrane Contains Hundreds of Abundantly Expressed and Nutritionally Beneficial Proteins That Are Generally Lacking in Caprine Milk

Juvarajah, Thaneswari; Wan-Ibrahim, Wan Izlina; Ashrafzadeh, Ali; Othman, Shatrah; Hashim, Onn Haji; Fung, Shin Yee; Abdul‐Rahman, Puteri Shafinaz

doi:10.1089/bfm.2018.0057

Cited by 19 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…The CSN1S1 gene encodes α-s1 casein, one of the proteins constituting milk that can improve calcium uptake in mammals, which affects milk performance and growth development [14,15,23,26]. Many studies have shown that CSN1S1 polymorphisms can affect the milk performance in different goat breeds [19][20][21][22].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An 11-bp Indel Polymorphism within the CSN1S1 Gene Is Associated with Milk Performance and Body Measurement Traits in Chinese Goats

Zhang

Wang

Liu

et al. 2019

Animals

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Simple Summary: In the field of animal breeding, selection using molecular genetic markers, such as insertions/deletions (indels), is a novel method to reduce the generation interval and more accurately improve performance. The casein alpha s1 (CSN1S1) gene is one of the major genes regulating the milk performance of mammals, and it is also relevant to body development. Previous studies have shown that an 11-bp indel in this gene was strongly associated with goat litter size, however, its effects on milk performance and body measurement traits have not been studied. In this study, this indel was genotyped in three Chinese goat breeds, and further analysis results revealed that this indel polymorphism was significantly associated with milk performance in dairy goats, as well as affecting the body measurement traits in all three breeds. These findings hint that the 11-bp indel within CSN1S1 gene could be utilized for effectively selecting goats with excellent performances in terms of production and breeding.Abstract: The casein alpha s1 (CSN1S1) gene encodes α-s1 casein, one of the proteins constituting milk, which affects milk performance, as well as improving the absorption of calcium and bone development in mammals. A previous study found that an 11-bp insertion/deletion (indel) of this gene strongly affected litter size in goats. However, to our knowledge, the relationships between this polymorphism and the milk performance and body measurement traits of goats have not been reported. In this paper, the previously identified indel has been recognized in three Chinese goat breeds, namely the Guanzhong dairy goat (GZDG; n = 235), Shaanbei white cashmere goat (SBWC; n = 1092), and Hainan black goat (HNBG; n = 278), and the following three genotypes have been studied for all of the breeds: insertion/insertion (II), deletion/deletion (DD), and insertion/deletion (ID). The allele frequencies analyzed signified that the frequencies of the "D" allele were higher (47.8%-65.5%), similar to the previous report, which indicates that this polymorphism is genetically stable in different goat breeds. Further analysis showed that this indel was markedly associated with milk fat content, total solids content, solids-not-fat content, freezing point depression, and acidity in GZDG (p < 0.05), and also affected different body measurement traits in all three breeds (p < 0.05). The goats with II genotypes had superior milk performance, compared with the others; however, goats with DD genotypes had better body measurement sizes. Hence, it may be necessary to select goats with an II or DD genotype, based on the desired traits, while breeding. Our study Animals 2019, 9, 1114 2 of 11 provides information on the potential impact of the 11-bp indel polymorphism of the CSN1S1 gene for improving the milk performance and body measurement traits in goats.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An 11-bp Indel Polymorphism within the CSN1S1 Gene Is Associated with Milk Performance and Body Measurement Traits in Chinese Goats

Zhang

Wang

Liu

et al. 2019

Animals

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“…Goat lactadherin is made of one single polypeptide chain of 54 kDa unlike cow lactadherin with two polypeptide chains. Lactadherin, an antiviral protein involved in the maintenance of the intestinal epithelium, is also more abundantly expressed in goat milk than in human milk [ 63 ]. Goat lactotransferrin, an antipathogenic protein in the MFGM, is expressed at a lower level than its human counterpart but their structures are highly homologous [ 63 ].…”

Section: Whole Goat Milk As a Source Of Mfgm Proteinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Lactadherin, an antiviral protein involved in the maintenance of the intestinal epithelium, is also more abundantly expressed in goat milk than in human milk [ 63 ]. Goat lactotransferrin, an antipathogenic protein in the MFGM, is expressed at a lower level than its human counterpart but their structures are highly homologous [ 63 ]. Using whole goat milk to manufacture infant formula is a way to potentially improve the protein composition of infant formula by supplying MFGM proteins, known to play a protective role against pathogens, as described later.…”

Section: Whole Goat Milk As a Source Of Mfgm Proteinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, thanks to their high degree of glycosylation, the glycoproteins MUC 1 and lactadherin are resistant to digestion in the infant’s stomach and to some extent in the infant’s intestine, meaning they can reach the small intestine to exert their protective function [ 67 ]. Lactadherin, abundant in the goat MFGM, has potential effects in the maintenance of intestinal epithelial homeostasis and mucosal repair [ 63 ] and as potent antiviral agent [ 62 ].…”

Section: Role Of Milk Fat and Mfgm In Infant Nutrition Growth Andmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Whole Goat Milk as a Source of Fat and Milk Fat Globule Membrane in Infant Formula

2020

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Cow milk is the most common dairy milk and has been extensively researched for its functional, technological and nutritional properties for a wide range of products. One such product category is infant formula, which is the most suitable alternative to feed infants, when breastfeeding is not possible. Most infant formulas are based on cow milk protein ingredients. For several reasons, consumers now seek alternatives such as goat milk, which has increasingly been used to manufacture infant, follow-on and young child formulas over the last 30 years. While similar in many aspects, compositional and functional differences exist between cow and goat milk. This offers the opportunity to explore different formulations or manufacturing options for formulas based on goat milk. The use of whole goat milk as the only source of proteins in formulas allows levels of milk fat, short and medium chain fatty acids, sn-2 palmitic acid, and milk fat globule membrane (MFGM) to be maximised. These features improve the composition and microstructure of whole goat milk-based infant formula, providing similarities to the complex human milk fat globules, and have been shown to benefit digestion, and cognitive and immune development. Recent research indicates a role for milk fat and MFGM on digestive health, the gut–brain axis and the gut–skin axis. This review highlights the lipid composition of whole goat milk-based infant formula and its potential for infant nutrition to support healthy digestion, brain development and immunity. Further work is warranted on the role of these components in allergy development and the advantages of goat milk fat and MFGM for infant nutrition and health.

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“…Today, the benefits of MFGM have transferred it from the bedside into the market [21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30]. As MFGM is a reservoir of membrane proteins, these proteins were analyzed by research groups using proteomic techniques to identify potential signaling and secretory pathways utilized by the mammary gland [31].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Analysis of Milk Fat Globular Membrane (MFGM) Proteome between Saudi Arabia Camelus dromedary Safra and Wadha Breeds

et al. 2020

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Camel milk is traditionally known to have medicinal properties and many potential health benefits. Natural milk contains many soluble proteins and nanoparticles, such as a milk fat globule membrane (MFGM), a three-layered membrane covering of milk fat globule mainly composed of proteins and lipids, which plays an important role in human health. MFGM proteins account for 1%–4% of total milk proteins, and their nutritive value and distribution depends on the different breeds. The differential composition of these membrane proteins among different camel breeds has not been explored. The current study, therefore, aimed to quantitatively analyze and compare the MFGM proteome between the milk produced by the two most common Saudi camel breeds, Camelus dromedarius: Safra and Wadha. Two-dimensional difference in gel electrophoresis (2D-DIGE) and mass spectrometry analysis revealed a total of 44 MFGM proteins that were identified with a significant difference in abundance (p ≤ 0.05; fold change ≥ 1.5) between the two breeds. Thirty-one proteins were up-regulated and 13 proteins were down-regulated in the Safra breed compared to the Wadha breed. The proteins identified with an increased abundance included α-lactalbumin, lactadherin, and annexin a8, whereas the down-regulated proteins included butyrophilin subfamily 1 member a1, lactotransferrin, and vinculin. The differentially abundant proteins were analyzed by the UNIPROT system and gene ontology (GO) to reveal their associations with known biological functions and pathways. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) confirmed the 2D-DIGE findings of butyrophilin (BTN) and α-lactalbumin (α-LA) levels obtained from Safra and Wadha breeds.

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Human Milk Fat Globule Membrane Contains Hundreds of Abundantly Expressed and Nutritionally Beneficial Proteins That Are Generally Lacking in Caprine Milk

Cited by 19 publications

References 30 publications

An 11-bp Indel Polymorphism within the CSN1S1 Gene Is Associated with Milk Performance and Body Measurement Traits in Chinese Goats

An 11-bp Indel Polymorphism within the CSN1S1 Gene Is Associated with Milk Performance and Body Measurement Traits in Chinese Goats

Whole Goat Milk as a Source of Fat and Milk Fat Globule Membrane in Infant Formula

Comparative Analysis of Milk Fat Globular Membrane (MFGM) Proteome between Saudi Arabia Camelus dromedary Safra and Wadha Breeds

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