Human Milk Composition and Function in the Infant

Hamosh, Margit

doi:10.1016/b978-0-7216-9654-6.50032-1

Cited by 2 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 103 publications

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“…This study shows that milk stored at 15 or 25°C maintains full digestive lipase and amylase activity, and that even at 38°C only 10‐20% of initial activity is lost. Although milk pH decreased 2 U by 24 h of storage at 38°C, a pH of 5.0 would not affect the activity of these enzymes, which are stable above pH 3.5 (2). The stability of milk enzymes might be associated with their extensive glycosylation (26) as well as with differences in tertiary structure that result in greater organization and hydrophobicity of the enzymes of human milk as compared with identical proteins of other origin (27).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Milk provides the newborn, in addition to nutrients, a variety of bioactive components (1). Among the latter are enzymes such as digestive lipase and amylase (2).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Milk provides the newborn, in addition to nutrients, a variety of bioactive components (1). Among the latter are enzymes such as digestive lipase and amylase (2). Human milk, like the milk of other species, contains a great number of enzymes that function in the mammary gland and are released into milk during the process of milk secretion.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Digestive Enzymes in Human Milk: Stability at Suboptimal Storage Temperatures

Hamosh,

Henderson,

Ellis

et al. 1997

J. pediatr. gastroenterol. nutr.

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Background:Women who return to work outside of the home while still breastfeeding must often store the expressed milk at less than optimal temperatures. Human milk provides digestive enzymes (amylase and lipase) that compensate in the newborn for immature pancreatic function.Methods:We have assessed the stability of amylase and bile salt‐dependent lipase after storage for 1‐24 h at 15, 25, and 38°C.Results:Both enzymes were stable at 15 and 25°C for 24 h, whereas at 38°C there was a 15 and 20% decrease in lipase and amylase activity, respectively. The stability of milk lipoprotein lipase was also tested. This very labile enzyme was more stable in milk than previously reported for blood and tissues, i.e., 20 and 50% decrease in activity after storage at 15 or 25°C for 24 h, respectively. A two‐unit drop in milk pH by 24 h of storage would not affect the activity of digestive enzymes, which are stable at pH >3.5.Conclusions:We conclude that milk provides the same compensatory digestive activity after short‐term storage, even at relatively high temperature, as when fed fresh to the infant.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Milk provides the newborn, in addition to nutrients, a variety of bioactive components (1). Among the latter are enzymes such as digestive lipase and amylase (2).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Digestive Enzymes in Human Milk: Stability at Suboptimal Storage Temperatures

Hamosh,

Henderson,

Ellis

et al. 1997

J. pediatr. gastroenterol. nutr.

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Glucocorticoid receptor-PPARα axis in fetal mouse liver prepares neonates for milk lipid catabolism

Rando

Tan

Khaled

et al. 2016

eLife

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In mammals, hepatic lipid catabolism is essential for the newborns to efficiently use milk fat as an energy source. However, it is unclear how this critical trait is acquired and regulated. We demonstrate that under the control of PPARα, the genes required for lipid catabolism are transcribed before birth so that the neonatal liver has a prompt capacity to extract energy from milk upon suckling. The mechanism involves a fetal glucocorticoid receptor (GR)-PPARα axis in which GR directly regulates the transcriptional activation of PPARα by binding to its promoter. Certain PPARα target genes such as Fgf21 remain repressed in the fetal liver and become PPARα responsive after birth following an epigenetic switch triggered by β-hydroxybutyrate-mediated inhibition of HDAC3. This study identifies an endocrine developmental axis in which fetal GR primes the activity of PPARα in anticipation of the sudden shifts in postnatal nutrient source and metabolic demands.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.11853.001

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Human Milk Composition and Function in the Infant

Cited by 2 publications

References 103 publications

Digestive Enzymes in Human Milk: Stability at Suboptimal Storage Temperatures

Digestive Enzymes in Human Milk: Stability at Suboptimal Storage Temperatures

Glucocorticoid receptor-PPARα axis in fetal mouse liver prepares neonates for milk lipid catabolism

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