Human Milk Carnitine

Borum, Peggy R.; Chapman, Jason; Macey, Mary Jane; Keegan, Mary

doi:10.1007/978-1-4615-7207-7_29

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 6 publications

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“…In patients with CKD, the carnitine balance and mitochondrial β-oxidation are disruptive, mainly due to the decline of the GFR [42]. This may cause several metabolic disturbances at the cellular level, including impaired mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation and energy production, accumulation of toxic acyl moieties, and inhibition of key enzymes of metabolic pathway [43]. These metabolic abnormalities may lead to the several clinical alterations often observed in these patients, such as muscle weakness and myopathy, loss of body protein and cachexia, insulin resistance and glucose intolerance, plasma lipid abnormalities, anemia refractory to erythropoietin treatment, cardiomyopathy, and intradialytic symptoms [44,45], thus may explain the higher risk these patients are found for contrast-induced AKI, as was evident by enhanced urinary NGAL excretion.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of pretreatment with carnitine and tadalafil on contrast-induced nephropathy in CKD patients

et al. 2019

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Objective: The present study assesses whether phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE-5) inhibitor or carnitine exert nephroprotective effects against clinical contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN).Materials and Methods: The present study consisted of three groups of CKD patients. The first group was control group, who were treated with N-acetyl-L-cysteine 1 day before and on the day of radiocontrast administration. The second one was carnitine group, where the patients were infused with carnitine over 10 min 2 h prior to the radiocontrast administration and 24 h post CT. The third one was PDE-5 inhibitor group, where patients were given tadalafil 2 h prior to the administration of the radiocontrast and in the subsequent day. Urine and blood samples were collected before and at the following time sequence: 2, 6, 12, 24, 48, and 120 h after the contrast administration, for creatinine and NGAL determination.Results: Pretreated with N-acetyl-L-cysteine prior to administration of contrast media (CM) to CKD patients caused a significant increase in urinary but not of plasma neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) and serum creatinine (SCr). In contrast, pretreatment with carnitine prevented the increase in urinary NGAL and reduced SCr below basal levels. Similarly, tadalafil administration diminished the elevation of CM-induced urinary NGAL.Conclusions: These results indicate that carnitine and PDE-5 inhibitors may comprise potential therapeutic maneuvers for CIN.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of pretreatment with carnitine and tadalafil on contrast-induced nephropathy in CKD patients

et al. 2019

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The Use of Carnitine in Pediatric Nutrition

Crill

Helms

2007

Nut in Clin Prac

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Carnitine is synthesized endogenously from methionine and lysine in the liver and kidney and is available exogenously from a meat and dairy diet and from human milk and most enteral formulas. Parenteral nutrition (PN) does not contain carnitine unless it is extemporaneously added. The primary role of carnitine is to transport long-chain fatty acids across the mitochondrial membrane, where they undergo beta-oxidation to produce energy. Although the majority of patients are capable of endogenous synthesis of carnitine, certain pediatric populations, specifically neonates and infants, have decreased biosynthetic capacity and are at risk of developing carnitine deficiency, particularly when receiving PN. Studies have evaluated for several decades the effects of carnitine supplementation in pediatric patients receiving nutrition support. Early studies focused primarily on the effects of supplementation on markers of fatty acid metabolism and nutrition markers, including weight gain and nitrogen balance, whereas more recent studies have evaluated neonatal morbidity. This review describes the role of carnitine in metabolic processes, its biosynthesis, and carnitine deficiency syndromes, as well as reviews the literature on carnitine supplementation in pediatric nutrition.

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Carnitine in Neonatal Nutrition

Borum

1995

J Child Neurol

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Experimental evidence from several investigators suggests that carnitine is a conditionally essential nutrient for neonates. If camitine is a conditionally essential nutrient for the neonate, most neonates on total parenteral nutrition in the United States are not receiving adequate nutritional support. The metabolic functions of carnitine are varied and important in sev eral aspects of neonatal physiology. All neonates receiving breast milk receive dietary carnitine and most neonates receiv ing enteral infant formulas receive dietary carnitine at a level similar to that of the breast-fed neonate. However, most neonates on total parenteral nutrition receive no dietary carnitine. Investigators have been testing the working hypothesis that carnitine is a conditionally essential nutrient for the neonate for many years. This review discusses (1) data support ing the hypothesis, (2) reasons why it has not been either proved or disproved by now, and (3) the author's view of a prudent approach to dietary camitine supplementation of neonates. (J Child Neurol 1995;10(Suppl):2525-2531).

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Human Milk Carnitine

Cited by 3 publications

References 6 publications

Impact of pretreatment with carnitine and tadalafil on contrast-induced nephropathy in CKD patients

Impact of pretreatment with carnitine and tadalafil on contrast-induced nephropathy in CKD patients

The Use of Carnitine in Pediatric Nutrition

Carnitine in Neonatal Nutrition

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