Human Metacognition Across Domains: Insights from Individual Differences and Neuroimaging

Rouault, Marion; McWilliams, Andrew; Allen, Micah; Fleming, Stephen M.

doi:10.1017/pen.2018.16

Cited by 161 publications

(237 citation statements)

References 119 publications

(189 reference statements)

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“…This suggests the role of left IFG operating similarly around 300 ms whether a decision is committed or observed. Of note, the quest for domain-general mechanisms of confidence (Faivre et al, 2018, Rouault et al, 2018) is hindered by the fact that our paradigm alternated short blocks of active and observation conditions, which could potentially inflate correlations in confidence due to confidence leaks across trials (Rahnev et al, 2015).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Disentangling the origins of confidence in speeded perceptual judgments through multimodal imaging

Pereira

Faivre

Iturrate

et al. 2018

Preprint

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AbstractThe human capacity to compute the likelihood that a decision is correct - known as metacognition - has proven difficult to study in isolation as it usually co-occurs with decision-making. Here, we isolated post-decisional from decisional contributions to metacognition by combining a novel paradigm with multimodal imaging. Healthy volunteers reported their confidence in the accuracy of decisions they made or decisions they observed. We found better metacognitive performance for committed vs. observed decisions, indicating that committing to a decision informs confidence. Relying on concurrent electroencephalography and hemodynamic recordings, we found a common correlate of confidence following committed and observed decisions in the inferior frontal gyrus, and a dissociation in the anterior prefrontal cortex and anterior insula. We discuss these results in light of decisional and post-decisional accounts of confidence, and propose a generative model of confidence in which metacognitive performance naturally improves when evidence accumulation is constrained upon committing a decision.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Disentangling the origins of confidence in speeded perceptual judgments through multimodal imaging

Pereira

Faivre

Iturrate

et al. 2018

Preprint

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“…Numerous previous works help us predict candidate brain regions in which we should see the correlates of confidence at the private decision-making stage. A variety of areas within prefrontal, parietal and occipital cortices have been linked to confidence 10 including dorsolateral prefrontal cortex 11,12 , perigenual anterior cingulate cortex 13 and ventromedial prefrontal cortex for valuebased 14,15 and perceptual decisions 16 . Importantly, all of these studies exclusively focused on isolated individuals making private decisions [17][18][19] thus offering a clear set of target areas for neural activations in the private stage of our framework (Figure 1, left panel).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distinct neurocomputational mechanisms support informational and normative conformity

Mahmoodi

Nili

Mehring

et al. 2019

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We occasionally receive conflicting views from others. To maximize accuracy, we should exercise informational conformity by changing our mind proportional to our confidence about our initial view. This account predicts that neural correlates of confidence in the private decision should be replayed as the private and social information are integrated. In a perceptual estimation task (N=120), influence from others was proportional to private confidence. Human fMRI (N=20) showed that consistent with the replay hypothesis, confidence covaried with temporally distributed activity during private estimate (Precuneus and dorsal anterior cingulate cortex, dACC), social change of mind (dACC) and social outcome (dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and dACC). During social change of mind and only when paired with alleged human (but not with computer) partners, left temproparietal junction carried information about participants' social use of confidence. Our study reveals the neuronal substrates of the role of confidence in computational implementation of informational conformity.

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“…They found that accurate metacognitive evaluation on a perception task positively correlated with the diffusion anisotropy underlying the ACC, whereas accurate metacognitive evaluation on a memory task positively correlated with the diffusion anisotropy of the white matter underlying the IPL, indicating metacognition in different cognitive domains might rely on distinct neural resources. Nevertheless, Baird and colleagues did not control for the local task properties nor the metrics quantifying the perceptual and mnemonic metacognitive ability, which might bias the comparison across domains (Rouault et al, 2018b).…”

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confidence: 99%

Diffusion property and functional connectivity of superior longitudinal fasciculus underpin human metacognition

Zheng

Wang

et al. 2020

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Metacognition as the capacity of monitoring one's own cognition operates across domains.Here, we addressed whether metacognition in different cognitive domains rely on common or distinct neural substrates with diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and inter-areal functional connectivity techniques. After acquiring DTI and resting-state fMRI data, we asked participants to perform a temporal-order memory judgement task and a perceptual discrimination task, followed by trial-specific confidence judgments. DTI analysis revealed that the structural integrity (fractional anisotropy) in the anterior portion of right superior longitudinal fasciculus (SLF) was associated with both perceptual and mnemonic metacognitive abilities. When the mnemonic metacognitive ability was disrupted by TMS, the mnemonic metacognition scores did not correlate with SLF structural integrity anymore, revealing the causal relevance of this tract in memory metacognition. Furthermore, taking the dorsolateral PFC and IPL (both of which are connected by SLF) as seeds, we found perceptual and mnemonic metacognitive abilities to be associated with functional connectivity between DLPFC and VLPFC, whereas mnemonic metacognitive ability was selectively associated with connectivity between IPL and precuneus. These results illustrate the importance of SLF and a distinct white-matter grey-matter circuitry that supports human metacognition. Introduction:The capacity of reflecting on one's own cognitive process is known as metacognition (Flavell, 1979;Fleming and Dolan, 2012;Yeung and Summerfield, 2012). Metacognition has been considered as the most crucial function emerged during evolution (Hayes, 2016). Given its crucial functions, researchers have endeavored to understand how a metacognitive judgment is computed (Fleming and Daw, 2017;Kepecs et al., 2008;Zylberberg et al., 2016), how it is disrupted in psychiatric disorders (Hauser et al., 2017a;Rouault et al., 2018a), and how its accuracy can be improved (Carpenter et al., 2019). Metacognition is an umbrella term for the higher-level cognition about the lower-level cognition in various domains (e.g., perception and memory). As cognitive processes are implemented in the brain, an interesting and important question is whether the neural circuit supporting metacognition is the same or distinct across different cognitive domains.A large body of fMRI work have increasingly demonstrated a nuanced picture for this domaingenerality issue of metacognition. For example, the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) might be involved in reading out the information of primary decision-making and using it for computing both perceptual and mnemonic metacognitive judgements (Chua and Ahmed, 2016;Fleming and Dolan, 2012;Kwok et al., 2019;Rounis et al., 2010). Morales et al. (2018) reported that the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC) was active during metacognitive evaluation in both memory and perception tasks but also found the activation patterns decoded from a perception task in the posterior medial frontal cortex and ven...

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Human Metacognition Across Domains: Insights from Individual Differences and Neuroimaging

Cited by 161 publications

References 119 publications

Disentangling the origins of confidence in speeded perceptual judgments through multimodal imaging

Disentangling the origins of confidence in speeded perceptual judgments through multimodal imaging

Distinct neurocomputational mechanisms support informational and normative conformity

Diffusion property and functional connectivity of superior longitudinal fasciculus underpin human metacognition

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