Human Memory: A Proposed System and Its Control Processes

Atkinson, Richard C.; Shiffrin, Richard M.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-121050-2.50006-5

Cited by 756 publications

(1,038 citation statements)

References 79 publications

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“…Both our account and formal implementations of dual-store accounts (e.g., Atkinson & Shiffrin, 1968;Raaijmakers & Shiffrin, 1981) are consistent with the main features of the serial-position data, but the holographic model captures a more complete picture of performance. Neither account is forced by the data.…”

Section: Figure 14 Presents the Distribution Of Correlations For Murdsupporting

confidence: 67%

The psychology of intelligence analysis: Drivers of prediction accuracy in world politics.

Mellers¹,

Stone²,

Atanasov³

et al. 2015

Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied

126

130

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This article extends psychological methods and concepts into a domain that is as profoundly consequential as it is poorly understood: intelligence analysis. We report findings from a geopolitical forecasting tournament that assessed the accuracy of more than 150,000 forecasts of 743 participants on 199 events occurring over 2 years. Participants were above average in intelligence and political knowledge relative to the general population. Individual differences in performance emerged, and forecasting skills were surprisingly consistent over time. Key predictors were (a) dispositional variables of cognitive ability, political knowledge, and openmindedness; (b) situational variables of training in probabilistic reasoning and participation in collaborative teams that shared information and discussed rationales (Mellers, Ungar, et al., 2014); and (c) behavioral variables of deliberation time and frequency of belief updating. We developed a profile of the best forecasters; they were better at inductive reasoning, pattern detection, cognitive flexibility, and open-mindedness. They had greater understanding of geopolitics, training in probabilistic reasoning, and opportunities to succeed in cognitively enriched team environments. Last but not least, they viewed forecasting as a skill that required deliberate practice, sustained effort, and constant monitoring of current affairs. A t APA, we understand how challenging it can be for you to stay abreast of the latest and best academic research on psychology. Disciplines Finance and Financial Management | Social and Behavioral Sciences

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Section: Figure 14 Presents the Distribution Of Correlations For Murdsupporting

confidence: 67%

The psychology of intelligence analysis: Drivers of prediction accuracy in world politics.

Mellers¹,

Stone²,

Atanasov³

et al. 2015

Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied

126

130

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…All we can say at present is that the patterning of their serial position effects over repeated learning trials makes their learning appear to be an extension of the recency effect. On the basis of both modal (Atkinson & Shiffrin, 1968) and distinctiveness (Crowder, 1976), rehearsal is thought to play an important part in the genesis of primacy effects. It may be the case that individuals with ASD do not engage in the semantic re-coding needed to transfer information to longer-term store, and that they rely instead on more perceptual aspects of the studied material.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The classic two-store or modal model of memory (Atkinson & Shiffrin, 1968) argues that recency effects reflect the contents of a short term store and that primacy effects result from transfer of learned information to longer-term 4 memory through a process of elaborative rehearsal. Other theorists, such as Bjork and Whitten (1974) and Crowder, 1976) eschew the distinction between short and long term memory stores and argue that serial position effects result from factors such as distinctiveness of studied items; more recently studied items are more distinctive than those studied at the start of the list.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Different Verbal Learning Strategies in Autism Spectrum Disorder: Evidence from the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test

Bowler

Limoges

Mottron

2009

J Autism Dev Disord

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This is the accepted version of the paper.This version of the publication may differ from the final published version. Permanent repository link AbstractThe Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test, which requires the free recall of the same list of 15 items over 5 trials, was administered to a group of highfunctioning adolescents and adults with autism spectrum disorder (PDD) and a group of matched typical individuals. Overall levels of free recall were comparable in the two groups, as were the rates of learning over trials. Both groups also subjectively organised their recall to a similar extent. However, the serial position curve of the PDD participants, although similar to that of the comparison group on the first trial, became flatter on subsequent trials and was characterised by a slower growth in the primacy effect. Growth in the middle and recency portions of the curve was comparable in both groups. The findings are discussed in the light of current models of serial position effects and their implications for memory in ASD.

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“…While the recency effect is commonly thought to rely mainly on short-term memory (Atkinson & Shiffrin, 1971), the primacy effect is believed to emerge as a consequence of frequent rehearsal opportunities for early-list items, thus leading to the information being stored within long-term memory more effectively (Atkinson & Shiffrin, 1968). A preserved primacy effect may therefore be a particularly sensitive indicator for intact memory encoding and consolidation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neuronal correlates of serial position performance in amnestic mild cognitive impairment.

et al. 2016

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Objectives:Delayed recall of the first words of a list -the primacy position -is thought to be particularly dependent on intact memory consolidation. Hippocampal volume has been suggested as the primary neuronal correlate of delayed primacy recall in cognitively normal elderly individuals. Here, we studied the association of hippocampal volume with primacy recall in individuals with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI). Methods:We investigated serial position performance in 88 subjects with aMCI using a 16-word list (CVLT). Primacy and recency performance were measured during learning and delayed recall. Hippocampal volumes were automatically determined from structural MRI scans. We conducted regression analyses with bilateral hippocampal volumes as predictors and serial position indices as outcomes. Results:After controlling for age, gender, and total intracranial volume, bilateral hippocampal volume was not associated with primacy recall either during learning or delayed recall. Primacy performance during learning was associated with the right inferior and middle temporal gyrus as well as the right inferior parietal cortex and supramerginal gyrus. During delayed recall, primacy performance was related to the bilateral supramarginal gyri. Conclusions:Our findings suggest a reduced primacy effect in aMCI already during learning, contrasting previous findings in normal cognitive aging. This might indicate impaired encoding and consolidation processes at an early stage of episodic memory acquisition. Furthermore, our data indicates that hippocampal volume may not be a relevant determinant of residual primacy performance in the stage of aMCI, which may rather depend on temporal and parietal neocortical networks.

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Human Memory: A Proposed System and Its Control Processes

Cited by 756 publications

References 79 publications

The psychology of intelligence analysis: Drivers of prediction accuracy in world politics.

The psychology of intelligence analysis: Drivers of prediction accuracy in world politics.

Different Verbal Learning Strategies in Autism Spectrum Disorder: Evidence from the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test

Neuronal correlates of serial position performance in amnestic mild cognitive impairment.

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