Human mast cells and basophils—How are they similar how are they different?

Varricchi, Gilda; Raap, Ulrike; Rivellese, Felice; Marone, Gianni; Gibbs, Bernhard F.

doi:10.1111/imr.12627

Cited by 113 publications

(113 citation statements)

References 502 publications

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“…Mast cells contain and release several proteases (e.g., chymase, tryptase, and carboxypeptidase A3 [CPA3]) [19], which can proteolytically inactivate some of the proinflammatory mediators. For instance, CPA3 and neurolysin promote homeostasis through the downregulation of endothelin (ET)-1 and neurotensin, respectively [128].…”

Section: Mast Cells In the Host Defense Against Pathogensmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Human mast cells form a highly heterogeneous population of cells with differences in ultrastructure, morphology, mediator content, and surface receptors [19]. Classically, 2 types of mast cells have been described in humans, based on the different expression of proteases: MC TC , containing both tryptase and chymase, and MC T, expressing only tryptase [20].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Figure 1 schematically illustrates the constellation of surface receptors expressed by human mast cells. This characteristic explains why these cells are activated not only by antigens [4] and superantigens [22, 23], the main mechanisms which account for their role in allergic disorders, but also by a plethora of immunologic and nonimmunologic stimuli [19]. Several reviews have examined the roles of mast cells in allergic disorders [19, 24], so we do not do so here.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Physiological Roles of Mast Cells: Collegium Internationale Allergologicum Update 2019

Varricchi

Rossi

Galdiero

et al. 2019

Int Arch Allergy Immunol

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Mast cells are immune cells which have a widespread distribution in nearly all tissues. These cells and their mediators are canonically viewed as primary effector cells in allergic disorders. However, in the last years, mast cells have gained recognition for their involvement in several physiological and pathological conditions. They are highly heterogeneous immune cells displaying a constellation of surface receptors and producing a wide spectrum of inflammatory and immunomodulatory mediators. These features enable the cells to act as sentinels in harmful situations as well as respond to metabolic and immune changes in their microenvironment. Moreover, they communicate with many immune and nonimmune cells implicated in several immunological responses. Although mast cells contribute to host responses in experimental infections, there is no satisfactory model to study how they contribute to infection outcome in humans. Mast cells modulate physiological and pathological angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis, but their role in tumor initiation and development is still controversial. Cardiac mast cells store and release several mediators that can exert multiple effects in the homeostatic control of different cardiometabolic functions. Although mast cells and their mediators have been simplistically associated with detrimental roles in allergic disorders, there is increasing evidence that they can also have homeostatic or protective roles in several pathophysiological processes. These findings may reflect the functional heterogeneity of different subsets of mast cells.

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Section: Mast Cells In the Host Defense Against Pathogensmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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Physiological Roles of Mast Cells: Collegium Internationale Allergologicum Update 2019

Varricchi

Rossi

Galdiero

et al. 2019

Int Arch Allergy Immunol

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“…The first 2 contributions of this volume deal with the differences and similarities of mast cells and basophils and with the heterogeneity of mast cells . Mast cells and basophils are thought by many to be very similar cells, with the main difference being their location in the body: basophils in the blood vs mast cells in tissues.…”

Section: What We Know and What We Do Not Know About The Biology And Fmentioning

confidence: 99%

What we know (and don't know) about the biology and functions of mast cells and basophils

Maurer

Pucillo

2018

Immunological Reviews

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It is easy to see why this volume of Immunological Reviews is dedicated to mast cells and basophils. Both cells are unique and fascinating in many ways. The mast cell has been claimed to express more receptors than any other cell type of the human body, and no cell is thought to make more mediators than it does. Both, mast cells and basophils, are uniquely located and designed for trigger-dependent responses: fast or slow, small or big, good or bad. Mast cells are held by many to be the deadliest cells of our body with mast cell-dependent anaphylaxis killing us within seconds. Yet, mast cells also appear to be important for health and survival, as there are no humans without them.For this volume, we have invited renowned mast cell and basophil experts to provide clarification on some of the unanswered questions as well as the mysteries, myths and misconceptions surrounding mast cells and basophils, and to review and discuss some of the recent reports and findings that help us to better understand the biology and functions of these cells. The topics we selected are expertly addressed by 14 contributions, for which we thank all of the authors involved. | WHAT WE KNOW AND WHAT WE DO NOT KNOW ABOUT THE BIOLOGY AND FUNCTIONS OF MAST CELLS AND BASOPHILS | What are mast cells and basophils?The first 2 contributions of this volume deal with the differences and They focus on the role and relevance of pattern recognition receptors, | Experimental models and imaging

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“…At that time, the mast cells' distinguishing feature was the affinity of their cytoplasmic granules for certain basic dyes. For several decades, mast cells and their mediators were essentially considered to play mainly a proinflammatory role in allergic disorders, such as bronchial asthma [2][3][4], allergic rhinitis [5], urticaria [6,7], food allergy [8,9], anaphylaxis [10,11], atopic dermatitis [12], and angioedema [13]. With the appreciation of these cells as major potential sources of a myriad of cytokines and chemokines, it became evident in the 1990s that mast cells may express immunoregulatory functions [14,15].…”

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confidence: 99%