Human mandible bone defect repair by the grafting of dental pulp stem/progenitor cells and collagen sponge biocomplexes

Abstract

In this study we used a biocomplex constructed from dental pulp stem/progenitor cells (DPCs) and a collagen sponge scaffold for oro-maxillo-facial (OMF) bone tissue repair in patients requiring extraction of their third molars. The experiments were carried out according to our Internal Ethical Committee Guidelines and written informed consent was obtained from the patients. The patients presented with bilateral bone reabsorption of the alveolar ridge distal to the second molar secondary to impaction of the third molar on the cortical alveolar lamina, producing a defect without walls, of at least 1.5 cm in height. This clinical condition does not permit spontaneous bone repair after extraction of the third molar, and eventually leads to loss also of the adjacent second molar. Maxillary third molars were extracted first for DPC isolation and expansion. The cells were then seeded onto a collagen sponge scaffold and the obtained biocomplex was used to fill in the injury site left by extraction of the mandibular third molars. Three months after autologous DPC grafting, alveolar bone of patients had optimal vertical repair and complete restoration of periodontal tissue back to the second molars, as assessed by clinical probing and X-rays. Histological observations clearly demonstrated the complete regeneration of bone at the injury site. Optimal bone regeneration was evident one year after grafting. This clinical study demonstrates that a DPC/collagen sponge biocomplex can completely restore human mandible bone defects and indicates that this cell population could be used for the repair and/or regeneration of tissues and organs.

The static magnetic field accelerates the osteogenic differentiation and mineralization of dental pulp cells

“…The repair of human mandible bone defect by grafting of DPCs and collagen sponge biocomplexes has been demonstrated recently (d 'Aquino et al 2009). The advantage of this procedure is efficient, exhibits low morbidity of the collection site, and is free from diseases incurred by transmission of pathogens.…”

Investigation of orofacial stem cell niches and their innervation through microfluidic devices

“…Moreover, in vivo transplantation of DPSCs mixed with hydroxyapatite/tricalcium phosphate resulted in ectopic pulp-dentin tissue formation (Batouli et al, 2003;Onyekwelu et al, 2007). The first clinical trial of autologous DPSCs transplantation for bone reconstruction Microfluidics for analysing stem cell niches was performed successfully five years ago (D'Aquino et al, 2009;Giuliani et al, 2013). Exfoliated human deciduous teeth contain a population of multipotent stem cells (SHEDs), which have odontogenic, osteogenic, adipogenic, neurogenic, myogenic, and chondrogenic differentiation potentials Seo et al, 2004).…”

Odontogenic epithelial stem cells: hidden sources

“…Clinical trials related to the osteogenic properties of DPSCs that included 3 years of follow-up 25 and related to periodontal tissue regeneration 26 (72 months of follow-up) are the only two studies reported in humans. Clinical trials reported by Nakashima and Iohara 27 have initiated successful pulp regeneration with DPSCs.…”