Human malaria in the highlands of Yemen

Al-Mekhlafi, Abdulsalam M.; Al-Mekhlafi, Hesham M.; Mahdy, Mohammed A. K.; Azazy, Ahmed A.; Fong, Mun Yik

doi:10.1179/136485911x12987676649421

Cited by 8 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Males are also perceived to be more active in outdoor activities which make them more vulnerable to the bites of mosquitoes. This observation is consistent with other studies conducted in Yemen [10,8].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 94%

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Epidemiological Characteristic of Malaria Coinfected with Dengue Fever in Hodeidah, Yemen

Al-Areeqi

Alghalibi

Yusuf

et al. 2020

IJTDH

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Introduction: Malaria and dengue fever are the most prevalent vector-borne diseases in tropical areas and represent major public health problems. They are transmitted by mosquito namely Anopheles and Aedes aegypti, respectively. Hodeidah is a high density with these vectors. Also, co-infection of these diseases has (malaria and dengue) become undetected due to lack of suspicious clinical suspicion and overlapping symptoms. Aim of the Study:The study aimed to detect the prevalence of co-infection with malaria and dengue fever, determine the clinical presentation within febrile patients in Hodeidah city and determine some potential risk factors associated with co-infection. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted (from January to December 2017) in febrile patients. All patients were designed into three groups: Group A (co-infected with malaria and dengue); Group B (malaria as mono-infection) and Group C (dengue as mono-infection). The diagnosis of malaria was by microscopic and rapid diagnostic test (RDT) and the dengue virus was Al-Areeqi et al.; IJTDH, 40(3): 1-10, 2019; Article no.IJTDH.54064 2 detected using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The diagnosis was performed in Center of Tropical Medicine and Infectious Diseases (CTMID), Authority of AL-Thawra Public Hospital-Hodeidah, in collaboration with the Tihama Foundation for Medical-Pharmaceutical Studies and Research (TFMPSR), Hodeidah, Yemen. Results: Out of 270 febrile patients, 82 cases (30.4%) patients were malaria -dengue coinfection, 100 cases (37.0%) of malaria, 21 cases (7.7%) of dengue and 67 cases (24.8%) were non-malaria and non-dengue. The most common symptoms were fever, headache, arthralgia, myalgia and retro-orbital pain, where the clinical symptoms of co-infected patients were more like dengue than malaria. One death was reported in malaria -dengue coinfection, with a case fatality rate (CFR%) of 1.2% (1/82). Conclusion: Our results show a high prevalence of malaria -dengue coinfecion in Hodeidah, Yemen as the first time. These due to a high density of vectors in this region and endemic areas for malaria and dengue. Furthermore, surveillance strategies, preventive measures and healthcare worker's education are critical for curtailing this problem and lifesaving. Original Research Article

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 94%

“…Later, WHO reported epidemics of dengue fever in some parts of Yemen that spread in the coastal planes of Tehama and Abyan that the dengue fever became epidemic in some parts of Yemen that spread in the coastal planes of Tehama and Abyan [9]. Also, malaria is an endemic in Hodeidah, Yemen [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiological Characteristic of Malaria Coinfected with Dengue Fever in Hodeidah, Yemen

Al-Areeqi

Alghalibi

Yusuf

et al. 2020

IJTDH

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“…In sharp contrast to other countries in the Arabian Peninsula, all reported cases of malaria in Yemen were attributable to local transmission [28]. Up to 69% of the population live in areas of high transmission (≥1 case/1000), with 99% of confirmed infections being attributable to P. falciparum [34]. Significantly higher infection rates are seen in the rural areas, and severe malaria accounts for up to 20% of paediatric admissions [34,35].…”

Section: Malariamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Up to 69% of the population live in areas of high transmission (≥1 case/1000), with 99% of confirmed infections being attributable to P. falciparum [34]. Significantly higher infection rates are seen in the rural areas, and severe malaria accounts for up to 20% of paediatric admissions [34,35]. In Yemen, 4.9 deaths/100 000/year and 43 000 disability‐adjusted life‐years lost were attributed to malaria in 2004 [36].…”

Section: Malariamentioning

confidence: 99%

Infectious diseases in the Arabian Peninsula and Egypt

Shibl

Senok

Memish

2012

Clinical Microbiology and Infection

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Infectious diseases are important causes of morbidity and mortality globally. Epidemiologically, differences in the patterns of infectious diseases and antimicrobial resistance exist across diverse geographical regions. In this review on infectious diseases in the Arabian Peninsula and Egypt, the epidemiology of tuberculosis, malaria and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections will be addressed. The challenges of the hepatitis C epidemic in Egypt and the epidemiology of this infection across the region will be reviewed. In recent years, we have seen dengue endemicity become established, with major outbreaks in parts of the region. Emerging data also indicate that, across the region, there is an increasing burden of antibiotic resistance, with endemicity in healthcare settings and dissemination into the community. New challenges include the emergence of the Alkhurma haemorrhagic fever virus in Saudi Arabia. The annual Hajj pilgrimage in Saudi Arabia serves as a model for the control of infectious disease in mass gatherings. As most of these countries constantly experience a uniquely dynamic population influx in the form of expatriate workers, tourists, or pilgrims, concerted regional and international collaboration to address these public health concerns in a region that lies at the crossroads for the global spread of infectious pathogens is imperative.

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“…In Islamic Republic of Iran, around 66% area is free from malaria, 12% area is affected by Plasmodium vivax and 6% by Plasmodium falciparum. Al Mekhlafi, et al 9 reported the prevalence of malaria in highlands of Yemen during the period from June 2008 to March 2009 as 78 (17.1428%) out of 455 Important Note: Directorate of Malaria Control (DMC), Pakistan 13 has calculated percentage for prevalence correctly by taking the total sample of 6,500,000 (6.5 million) as denominator. But percentages for distribution by places and species are not calculated correctly as DMC has taken 374,513 positive cases of malaria as denominator here.…”

Section: Introduction Introduction 11 Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and Distribution of Malaria by Sex, Age Groups and Species in Year 2019 in Suspected Malarial Population of District D.I.KHAN, Pakistan

et al. 2021

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Background: Malaria is communicable disease that exists worldwide and is a cause of morbidity and mortality. Our objectives were to determine the prevalence and distribution of malaria by sex, age groups and species in year 2019 in suspected malarial population of District D.I.Khan, Pakistan.Materials Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in Department of Community Medicine, Gomal Medical College, D.I.Khan, Pakistan from October 1, 2020 to October 31, 2020. The data for malaria was retrieved from office of Frontier Primary Healthcare, D.I.Khan for 2019. A sample of 108,849 was calculated from population at risk of 1,306,655, with 0.258154 margin of error, 99% CI and 13.843% assumed prevalence of malaria. Sex, age groups, species and presence of malaria were our four nominal variables. Prevalence and distribution were described by count and percentage with 95% confidence intervals. Four hypotheses for prevalence and distribution were verified by chi-square goodness of fit test.Results: Out of a sample of 108,849 suspected malarial cases, 9,568 (8.79%, 95%CI, 8.62-8.95%) were positive. Out of 9,568 positive cases, 5,406 (4.97%) were men and 4,162 (3.82%) women, 1,062 (0.98%) in age group up to 5 years and 8,506 (7.81%) in age group 5 years and 9,121 (8.38%) were Plasmodium vivax, 437 (0.40%) were Plasmodium falciparum and 10 (0.009%) were mixed malarial infections. Our prevalence of malaria 8.79% was lower to 13.843% expected (p=.00001). Our distribution across sex (p=.00001), age groups (p=.03231) and species (p=.00001) were not similar to expected.Conclusion: The prevalence of malaria in year 2019 in suspected malarial population of District D.I.Khan, Pakistan was 8.79%. The prevalence was lower than expected for our population. The prevalence was higher for men, older age group (5 years) and for Plasmodium vivax. The prevalence for men was higher than expected for men and vice versa for women. The prevalence for age group up to 5 years was higher than expected for age group up to 5 years and vice versa for age group 5 years. The prevalence for Plasmodium vivax was higher than expected for Plasmodium vivax and vice versa for Plasmodium falciparum and mixed cases.

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Human malaria in the highlands of Yemen

Cited by 8 publications

References 33 publications

Epidemiological Characteristic of Malaria Coinfected with Dengue Fever in Hodeidah, Yemen

Epidemiological Characteristic of Malaria Coinfected with Dengue Fever in Hodeidah, Yemen

Infectious diseases in the Arabian Peninsula and Egypt

Prevalence and Distribution of Malaria by Sex, Age Groups and Species in Year 2019 in Suspected Malarial Population of District D.I.KHAN, Pakistan

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