Human macular pigment assessed by imaging fundus reflectometry

Kilbride, Paul E.; Alexander, Kenneth R.; Fishman, Marlene; Fishman, Gerald A.

doi:10.1016/0042-6989(89)90028-x

Cited by 90 publications

(58 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…This type of test would be expected to yield unreliable results in the major population of interest, elderly patients with significant macular pathologic features. 20 As an alternative to this subjective test, researchers have examined other objective methods to measure macular pigment, such as fundus reflectometry, 21 lipofuscin autofluorescence attenuation, 22 and multiwavelength scanning laser ophthalmoscopy, 23 with variable success. We recently developed a novel objective in vivo carotenoid measurement system that uses resonance Raman spectroscopy.…”

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confidence: 99%

Resonance Raman measurement of macular carotenoids in normal subjects and in age-related macular degeneration patients

et al. 2002

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Purpose-Dietary carotenoids lutein and zeaxanthin may play a protective role against visual loss from age-related macular degeneration (AMD) through antioxidant and light screening mechanisms. We used a novel noninvasive objective method to quantify lutein and zeaxanthin in the human macula using resonance Raman spectroscopy and compared macular pigment levels in AMD and normal subjects. Design-Observational study of an ophthalmology clinic-based population.Participants and Controls-Ninety-three AMD eyes from 63 patients and 220 normal eyes from 138 subjects.Methods-Macular carotenoid levels were quantified by illuminating the macula with a lowpower argon laser spot and measuring Raman backscattered light using a spectrograph. This technique is sensitive, specific, and repeatable even in subjects with significant macular pathologic features.Main Outcome Measure-Raman signal intensity at 1525 cm −1 generated by the carboncarbon double-bond vibrations of lutein and zeaxanthin.Results-Carotenoid Raman signal intensity declined with age in normal eyes (P < 0.001). Average levels of lutein and zeaxanthin were 32% lower in AMD eyes versus normal elderly control eyes as long as the subjects were not consuming high-dose lutein supplements (P = 0.001). Patients who had begun to consume supplements containing high doses of lutein (≥4 mg/day) regularly after their initial diagnosis of AMD had average macular pigment levels that were in the normal range (P = 0.829) and that were significantly higher than in AMD patients not consuming these supplements (P = 0.038).Conclusions-These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that low levels of lutein and zeaxanthin in the human macula may represent a pathogenic risk factor for the development of Correspondence and reprint requests to Paul S. Bernstein, MD, PhD, Moran Eye Center, University of Utah School of Medicine, 50 North Medical Drive, Salt Lake City, UT 84132. paul.bernstein@hsc.utah.edu. Three authors (PSB, RWM, and WG) and the University of Utah hold patent rights to the ocular Raman technology described in this article, and these authors and the university own significant equity interests in Spectrotek, LC, a company that has licensed the technology.Presented in part as a poster at the annual meeting of the American Academy of Ophthalmology, New Orleans, Louisiana, November 2001. A major epidemiologic study found that high dietary intakes and blood levels of these xanthophyll carotenoids are correlated with a significantly lower risk of AMD, 12,13 but another study did not reach the same conclusion. 14 These inconsistent findings derive in part from the fact that blood levels and dietary intakes of lutein and zeaxanthin are relatively poor markers of the actual amounts present in the macula. 15 Clearly, it is of utmost importance to know the levels of lutein and zeaxanthin at their relevant site of action, the human macula. Recently, an autopsy study has reported that eyes from donors with a history of AMD had lower levels of macular carotenoids than eyes wi...

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Resonance Raman measurement of macular carotenoids in normal subjects and in age-related macular degeneration patients

et al. 2002

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“…In many cases algorithms to artificially increase the contrast of an image are used, especially when qualitative characterization of a fundal structure is the objective. There are, however, cases where the actual contrast of the fundus is of interest, with most important example that of macular pigment optical density (MPOD) measurements using the reflectometry method, where MPOD is calculated using the intensities of two fundus images, one at short and one at medium wavelength [26][27][28][29][30]. In this case, scattering would decrease contrast in the two images differently, leading to an underestimation of MPOD.…”

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confidence: 99%

Intraocular scattering compensation in retinal imaging

Christaras¹,

Ginis²,

Pennos³

et al. 2016

Biomed. Opt. Express

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Intraocular scattering affects fundus imaging in a similar way that affects vision; it causes a decrease in contrast which depends on both the intrinsic scattering of the eye but also on the dynamic range of the image. Consequently, in cases where the absolute intensity in the fundus image is important, scattering can lead to a wrong estimation. In this paper, a setup capable of acquiring fundus images and estimating objectively intraocular scattering was built, and the acquired images were then used for scattering compensation in fundus imaging. The method consists of two parts: first, reconstruct the individual's wide-angle Point Spread Function (PSF) at a specific wavelength to be used within an enhancement algorithm on an acquired fundus image to compensate for scattering. As a proof of concept, a single pass measurement with a scatter filter was carried out first and the complete algorithm of the PSF reconstruction and the scattering compensation was applied. The advantage of the single pass test is that one can compare the reconstructed image with the original one and see the validity, thus testing the efficiency of the method. Following the test, the algorithm was applied in actual fundus images in human eyes and the effect on the contrast of the image before and after the compensation was compared. The comparison showed that depending on the wavelength, contrast can be reduced by 8.6% under certain conditions. of the human rod photoreceptor mosaic using a confocal adaptive optics scanning ophthalmoscope," Biomed. Opt.

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“…Giderek azalt›lan mavi ›fl›k fliddetinin art›k alg›lanamad›¤› nokta toplam absorbsiyon efli¤i olarak kabul edilir ve bu absorbsiyon ›fl›¤› ne kadar yüksekte iken görsel olarak kaybedilirse, pigmentin o kadar yüksek absorbsiyon kapasitesine ve o kadar düflük yans›tmaya sahip oldu¤u düflünülerek, o oranda da pigment dansitesinin yüksek oldu¤u esas› kabul edilir. Dolay›s› ile, referans ›fl›k yan›nda, mavi ›fl›¤›n efli¤inin yüksekli¤i ya da yans›mas›n›n azalmas›, pigmentin o oranda yüksek oldu¤unu göstermektedir (12,13 (14). Bu çal›flmada amac›m›z, makula pigment optik dansitesinin yafl ile birlikte de¤iflikliklerinin ölçülmesi ve makula pigment dansitesi üzerine di¤er risk faktörlerin analizini de¤erlendirmektir.…”

Section: Giriflunclassified

Analysis of Macular Pigment Optical Density Change with Age

Koçak¹,

Kaya²,

Kaynak³

2010

tjo

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ÖzetAmaç: Makula pigment optik dansitesinin yafl ile birlikte de¤iflikliklerinin ölçülmesi ve makula pigment dansitesini etkileyen risk faktörlerinin analizi amaçlanm›flt›r. Gereç ve Yöntem: Oftalmolojik aç›dan hiçbir hastal›¤› bulunmayan, 20-50 yafl aras› 87 olgu al›nd›. Olgular›n 34'ü erkek ve 53'ü kad›n idi. Tüm olgulara kapsaml› oftalmolojik muayene yap›ld›. Olgular›n iris rengi, sigara kullan›m›, lipid profil bozuklu¤u kaydedildi. Olgulara dilatasyon uygulanmadan heterokromik fliker fotometri (MacuScopeTM) yöntemi ile ölçüm al›nd›. Olgular yafla göre iki gruba (Grup 1; 20-35 yafl, Grup 2; 36-50 yafl) ayr›ld›. Sonuçlar: Olgular›n ortalama yafl› Grup 1'de 29,1±4,1 y›l, Grup 2'de 43,4±4,5 y›l idi. Cinsiyet yönünden gruplar aras›nda istatistiksel olarak anlaml› fark yoktu (p>0,05). ‹ris rengi Grup 1 olgular›n›n %31'inde ve Grup 2 olgular›n›n %24'ünde yeflilmavi renkteydi (p>0,05). Grup 1 olgular›n›n % 28,9'ü ve Grup 2 olgular›n›n % 28,6's› sigara kullan›yordu (p>0,05). Lipid profili, sadece Grup 2 olgular›n % 4,1'de bozuk bulundu. Makula pigment optik dansitesi Grup 1'de 0,685±0,253, Grup 2' de 0,508±0,203 olarak ölçüldü (p=0,001). Makula pigment dansitesi Grup 1 olgular›n % 2,6's›nda düflük, %63,2'de orta ve % 34,2'de yüksek ölçüldü, Grup 2 olgular›n %12,2'de düflük, %71,4'de orta ve %16,3'de yüksek olarak ölçüldü. Tart›flma: Sa¤l›kl› bireylerde makula pigment optik dansitesinin yafl ile birlikte önemli derecede azald›¤› tespit edilmifltir. Çal›flmam›zda sigara kullan›m› ve lipid profil bozuklu¤unun makula pigment dansitesi üzerine etkisi gösterilememifltir. Yafl d›fl›nda di¤er risk faktörlerin etkinli¤i daha genifl ve kontrolu çal›flmalarla desteklenmelidir. (TJO 2010; 40: 260-5) Anahtar Kelimeler: Konjenital pitozis, ambliyopi, flafl›l›k, astigmatizma, anizometropi Summary Purpose: To evaluate the macular pigment optical density (MPOD) changes with age and other risk factors. Material and Method: Eighty-seven normally sighted healthy subjects (34 men, 53 women) ranging in age from 20 to 50 years were evaluated for MPOD. All subjects underwent detailed ophthalmological examination. Iris colors, smoking history and serum lipid profile were recorded. Heterochromatic flickering photometer (MacuScopeTM) was used for the measurements. The subjects were divided into two groups according to their age (Group 1: 20-35 years and Group 2: 36-50 years). Result: The mean age was 29.1±4.1years in Group 1 and 43.4±4.5 years in Group 2. Iris color was green-blue in 31% of Group 1 subjects and 24% of Group 2 subjects (p>0.05). The overall mean MPOD was 0.685±0.253 for Group 1 and 0.508±0.203 for Group 2. There was a significant negative correlation between MacuScopeTM readings and age (p=0.001). The MPOD was measured low in 2.6% of Group 1 and in 12.2% of Group 2; high in 34.2% of Group 1 and in 16.3% of Group 2. Smoking history was present in 28.9% of Group 1 and in 28.6% of Group 2 subjects. High serum lipid levels were found in 4.1% of Group 2. Discussion: There was a significant negative correlation between MacuScopeTM re...

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Human macular pigment assessed by imaging fundus reflectometry

Cited by 90 publications

References 23 publications

Resonance Raman measurement of macular carotenoids in normal subjects and in age-related macular degeneration patients

Resonance Raman measurement of macular carotenoids in normal subjects and in age-related macular degeneration patients

Intraocular scattering compensation in retinal imaging

Analysis of Macular Pigment Optical Density Change with Age

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