Human leukocyte antigen and tumor immunotherapy (Review)

Liu, Da-Hua; Mou, Fei-Fei; An, Min; Xia, Pu

doi:10.3892/ijo.2023.5516

Cited by 7 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 131 publications

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“…The Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) genes are located on the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) on the short arm of the sixth chromosome [77,78]. The HLA plays a significant role in the human immune system [78] and is responsible for the presentation of endogenous and exogenous antigens to T lymphocytes [79].…”

Section: Human Leukocyte Antigenmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Genetic Aspects of Periodontitis Pathogenesis and the Regenerative Properties of Stem Cells

Ustianowska,

Ustianowski,

Bakinowska

et al. 2024

Cells

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Periodontitis (PD) is a prevalent and chronic inflammatory disease with a complex pathogenesis, and it is associated with the presence of specific pathogens, such as Porphyromonas gingivalis. Dysbiosis and dysregulated immune responses ultimately lead to chronic inflammation as well as tooth and alveolar bone loss. Multiple studies have demonstrated that genetic polymorphisms may increase the susceptibility to PD. Furthermore, gene expression is modulated by various epigenetic mechanisms, such as DNA methylation, histone modifications, or the activity of non-coding RNA. These processes can also be induced by PD-associated pathogens. In this review, we try to summarize the genetic processes that are implicated in the pathogenesis of PD. Furthermore, we discuss the use of these mechanisms in diagnosis and therapeutic purposes. Importantly, novel treatment methods that could promote tissue regeneration are greatly needed in PD. In this paper, we also demonstrate current evidence on the potential use of stem cells and extracellular vesicles to stimulate tissue regeneration and suppress inflammation. The understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of PD, as well as the impact of PD-associated bacteria and stem cells in these processes, may enhance future research and ultimately improve long-term treatment outcomes.

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Section: Human Leukocyte Antigenmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Genetic Aspects of Periodontitis Pathogenesis and the Regenerative Properties of Stem Cells

Ustianowska,

Ustianowski,

Bakinowska

et al. 2024

Cells

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“…Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) classes I and II gene clusters are the most polymorphic regions in the human genome [14]. Extraordinary structural diversity of HLA molecules is essential for effective immune defense, including surveillance of emerging malignant clones [15]. Classical HLA-I molecules (HLA-A, HLA-B, and HLA-C) present tumor-speci c neoantigens on the cell surface, enabling CD8 + cytotoxic T lymphocytes to recognize and attack neoplastic cells [16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

HLA gene polymorphism is a modifier of age-related breast cancer penetrance in carriers of BRCA1 pathogenic alleles

Kuligina,

Romanko,

Jankevic

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Purpose Female carriers of germline BRCA1 mutations almost invariably develop breast cancer (BC) however the age at onset is a subject of variation. We hypothesized that the age-related penetrance of BRCA1 mutations may depend on inherited variability in the host immune system. Methods Next-generation sequencing was utilized for genotyping of HLA class I/II genes (HLA-A, HLA-B, HLA-C, HLA-DPB1, HLA-DQB1 and HLA-DRB1/3/4/5) in patients with BRCA1-associated BC with early (</= 38 years, n = 215) and late (>/= 58 years, n = 108) age at onset. Results HLA-DQB1*06:03P prevalence was higher in the late-onset group due to the excess of allele carriers [25/108 (23.1%) vs. 22/215 (10.2%); OR 2.96, p < 0.001]. For all HLA-I loci, there was a trend towards an increase in the number of homozygotes in the early-onset group. This trend reached statistical significance for the HLA-A [14.4% vs. 6.5%, p = 0.037; OR 2.4, p = 0.042]. The frequencies of HLA-DPB1, HLA-DQB1 and HLA-DRB1/3/4/5 homozygous genotypes did not differ between young-onset and late-onset patients. The maximum degree of homozygosity detected in this study was 6 out of 7 HLA class I/II loci; all six carriers of these genotypes were diagnosed with BC at the age </= 38 years [OR = 6.97, p = 0.187]. Conclusion HLA polymorphism may play a role in modifying the penetrance of BRCA1 pathogenic variants. Certain HLA alleles or HLA homozygosity may modify the risk of BC in BRCA1 carriers.

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Precision unveiled: Synergistic genomic landscapes in breast cancer—Integrating single‐cell analysis and decoding drug toxicity for elite prognostication and tailored therapeutics

Jiang,

Zhang,

Jiang

et al. 2024

Environmental Toxicology

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BackgroundGlobally, breast cancer, with diverse subtypes and prognoses, necessitates tailored therapies for enhanced survival rates. A key focus is glutamine metabolism, governed by select genes. This study explored genes associated with T cells and linked them to glutamine metabolism to construct a prognostic staging index for breast cancer patients for more precise medical treatment.MethodsTwo frameworks, T‐cell related genes (TRG) and glutamine metabolism (GM), stratified breast cancer patients. TRG analysis identified key genes via hdWGCNA and machine learning. T‐cell communication and spatial transcriptomics emphasized TRG's clinical value. GM was defined using Cox analyses and the Lasso algorithm. Scores categorized patients as TRG_high+GM_high (HH), TRG_high+GM_low (HL), TRG_low+GM_high (LH), or TRG_low+GM_low (LL). Similarities between HL and LH birthed a “Mixed” class and the TRG_GM classifier. This classifier illuminated gene variations, immune profiles, mutations, and drug responses.ResultsUtilizing a composite of two distinct criteria, we devised a typification index termed TRG_GM classifier, which exhibited robust prognostic potential for breast cancer patients. Our analysis elucidated distinct immunological attributes across the classifiers. Moreover, by scrutinizing the genetic variations across groups, we illuminated their unique genetic profiles. Insights into drug sensitivity further underscored avenues for tailored therapeutic interventions.ConclusionUtilizing TRG and GM, a robust TRG_GM classifier was developed, integrating clinical indicators to create an accurate predictive diagnostic map. Analysis of enrichment disparities, immune responses, and mutation patterns across different subtypes yields crucial subtype‐specific characteristics essential for prognostic assessment, clinical decision‐making, and personalized therapies. Further exploration is warranted into multiple fusions between metrics to uncover prognostic presentations across various dimensions.

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Human leukocyte antigen and tumor immunotherapy (Review)

Cited by 7 publications

References 131 publications

The Genetic Aspects of Periodontitis Pathogenesis and the Regenerative Properties of Stem Cells

The Genetic Aspects of Periodontitis Pathogenesis and the Regenerative Properties of Stem Cells

HLA gene polymorphism is a modifier of age-related breast cancer penetrance in carriers of BRCA1 pathogenic alleles

Precision unveiled: Synergistic genomic landscapes in breast cancer—Integrating single‐cell analysis and decoding drug toxicity for elite prognostication and tailored therapeutics

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