Human leptospirosis in Italy, 1986–1993

Ciceroni, Lorenzo; Pinto, Antonella; E, Benedetti; Pizzocaro, P.; Lupidi, Remo; Cinc, Marina; Gelosa, L; Grillo, R; Rondinella, Vincenzo; Marcuccio, L; Mansueto, S; Ioli, A.; Franzin, Laura; Giannico, Franco; Cacciapuoti, B

doi:10.1007/bf01720308

Cited by 19 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Yet this does not hold true for leptospirosis outbreaks, since these are clearly associated with natural disasters such as floods and hurricanes. In Europe, the reported outbreaks were also associated with temperature, since all cases occurred during the hottest summer months [ 52 , 70 , 71 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Leptospirosis in Mexico: Epidemiology and Potential Distribution of Human Cases

et al. 2015

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BackgroundLeptospirosis is widespread in Mexico, yet the potential distribution and risk of the disease remain unknown.Methodology/Principal FindingsWe analysed morbidity and mortality according to age and gender based on three sources of data reported by the Ministry of Health and the National Institute of Geography and Statics of Mexico, for the decade 2000–2010. A total of 1,547 cases were reported in 27 states, the majority of which were registered during the rainy season, and the most affected age group was 25–44 years old. Although leptospirosis has been reported as an occupational disease of males, analysis of morbidity in Mexico showed no male preference. A total number of 198 deaths were registered in 21 states, mainly in urban settings. Mortality was higher in males (61.1%) as compared to females (38.9%), and the case fatality ratio was also increased in males. The overall case fatality ratio in Mexico was elevated (12.8%), as compared to other countries. We additionally determined the potential disease distribution by examining the spatial epidemiology combined with spatial modeling using ecological niche modeling techniques. We identified regions where leptospirosis could be present and created a potential distribution map using bioclimatic variables derived from temperature and precipitation. Our data show that the distribution of the cases was more related to temperature (75%) than to precipitation variables. Ecological niche modeling showed predictive areas that were widely distributed in central and southern Mexico, excluding areas characterized by extreme climates.Conclusions/SignificanceIn conclusion, an epidemiological surveillance of leptospirosis is recommended in Mexico, since 55.7% of the country has environmental conditions fulfilling the criteria that favor the presence of the disease.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Leptospirosis in Mexico: Epidemiology and Potential Distribution of Human Cases

et al. 2015

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“…Although the incidence of leptospirosis is steadily decreasing in developed countries, there is a re-emergence of the disease in tropical and subtropical regions. 1,9,[15][16][17][18][19][20] Factors attributed to the decrease in the incidence of leptospirosis in developed countries include improvement in sanitation, mechanization of agricultural methods, and prevention of occupational exposures at risk. At the same time, travel-related leptospirosis has been emerging as a major cause of infection in developed countries.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Travel-Related Leptospirosis in Israel: A Nationwide Study

Leshem¹,

Segal²,

Barnea³

et al. 2010

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Abstract. Leptospirosis is re-emerging in developed countries as a travel-related infection. In this nationwide study of travel-related leptospirosis in Israel, all cases diagnosed at the Central Reference Laboratory for Leptospirosis, during 2002Leptospirosis, during -2008 were retrospectively reviewed and only travel-related cases were included. During the study years, 20 (42%) of 48 leptospirosis cases in Israel were travel-related. Exposure occurred in Southeast Asia in 15 (75%) of 20 cases. The estimated yearly incidence of travel-related leptospirosis was 1.78/100,000 travelers compared with an incidence of endemic cases of 0.06/100,000 inhabitants (risk ratio = 29.6, 95% confidence interval = 16.7-52.4). Most patients (89%) were infected during water-related activities. Severe disease was present in 10 (55%) of 18 patients; 7 of them were presumptively infected with the Icterohaemorrhagiae serogroup. Thus, travel-related leptospirosis is becoming increasingly important in the epidemiology of leptospirosis in Israel. Leptospirosis should be suspected in any traveler with undifferentiated febrile illness, especially when water exposure is reported.

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“…Leptospirosis is a worldwide zoonotic disease that affects predominantly men 2,9 . The case-fatality rate is high, mainly among the elderly, those with the icteric form of the disease, with severe acute renal failure(ARF) and patients who start antibiotic treatment at the late stage of the disease 3,5,7,9 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The association between serum potassium at hospital admission and the case-fatality rate of leptospirosis in men

Lopes

Costa

et al. 2001

Rev. Inst. Med. trop. S. Paulo

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SUMMARYSevere leptospirosis affects predominantly males and presents a high susceptibility to hypokalemic acute renal failure. As hypokalemia and hyperkalemia induce severe complications, it is important to evaluate if the initial serum potassium is an independent risk factor for death in leptospirosis. The medical records of 1016 patients hospitalized with the diagnosis of leptospirosis were reviewed. The analysis was restricted to 442, according to the following criteria: male, 18 years or older, information about death or hospital discharge and recorded values of serum potassium, serum creatinine and duration of symptoms at admission. Potassium values lower than 3.5 mEq/L (hypoK), 3.5-5 mEq/L (normoK) and above 5 mEq/L (hyperK) were detected in 180, 245 and 17 patients, respectively. The death rate increased with serum potassium: 11.1% in the hypoK, 14.7% in the normoK and 47.1% in the hyperK group (p = 0.002). In a logistic regression model (normoK as referent), including age, creatinine and duration of symptoms, hypoK was not associated with increased death rate (odds ratio (OR) = 0.80; p > 0.1). On the other hand, hyperK showed a significant association with increased risk of death (OR = 3.95, p = 0.021). In conclusion, in this sample of men with leptospirosis initial serum potassium was positively and independently correlated with the risk of in-hospital death.

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Human leptospirosis in Italy, 1986–1993

Cited by 19 publications

References 5 publications

Leptospirosis in Mexico: Epidemiology and Potential Distribution of Human Cases

Leptospirosis in Mexico: Epidemiology and Potential Distribution of Human Cases

Travel-Related Leptospirosis in Israel: A Nationwide Study

The association between serum potassium at hospital admission and the case-fatality rate of leptospirosis in men

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