Human jaw-tongue reflex as revealed by intraoral surface recording

Ishiwata, Yasuo; Hiyama, Shigetoshi; Igarashi, Kazuyoshi; Ono, Takashi; Kuroda, Takayuki

doi:10.1046/j.1365-2842.1997.00562.x

Cited by 19 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…In mastication, the jaw-opener and tongue-protruding muscles are active during the jaw-opening phase, while the jaw-closer and tongue retractor muscles work in the jaw-closing phase (Aeba et al, 2002). In addition, the position of the tongue is controlled reflexively by the position of the jaw (Ishiwata et al, 1997, 2000). Therefore, JOR alterations may be related to changes in the tongue-protruding muscles.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unilateral Nasal Obstruction during Later Growth Periods Affects Craniofacial Muscles in Rats

et al. 2017

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Nasal obstruction can occur at different life stages. In early stages of life the respiratory system is still under development, maturing during the growth period. Previous studies have shown that nasal obstruction in neonatal rats alters craniofacial function. However, little is known about the effects of nasal obstruction that develops during later growth periods. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of nasal obstruction during later periods of growth on the functional characteristics of the jaw-opening reflex (JOR) and tongue-protruding muscles. In total, 102 6-day-old male Wistar rats were randomized into either a control or experimental group (both n = 51). In order to determine the appropriate timing of nasal obstruction, the saturation of arterial oxygen (SpO2) was monitored at 8 days, and at 3, 5, 7, 9, and 11 weeks in the control group. Rats in the experimental group underwent unilateral nasal obstruction at the age of 5 weeks. The SpO2 was monitored at 7, 9, and 11 weeks in the experimental group. The electromyographic responses of JOR and the contractile properties of the tongue-protruding muscles were recorded at 7, 9, and 11 weeks. In the control group, SpO2 decreased until 5 weeks of age, and remained relatively stable until 11 weeks of age. The SpO2 was significantly lower in the experimental group than in the control. In the experimental group, JOR changes included a longer latency and smaller peak-to-peak amplitude, while changes in the contractile properties of the tongue-protruding muscles included larger twitch and tetanic forces, and a longer half-decay time. These results suggest that nasal obstruction during later growth periods may affect craniofacial function.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unilateral Nasal Obstruction during Later Growth Periods Affects Craniofacial Muscles in Rats

et al. 2017

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“…Some studies have concluded that tongue position is reflexively controlled by the jaw position . In addition, synergistic activity between the tongue and the masticatory muscles is not only controlled by the tongue–jaw reflex and an integrative central pattern generator, but also by a reflexive pathway through which jaw position is controlled by tongue position, perhaps by way of afferents from the extrinsic tongue muscle (muscle spindles) .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On the other hand, maximal voluntary clenching may be considered to be a simulated parafunctional activity which is intended to replicate traumatic forces characterised by excessive intensity, frequency, persistence and functionally aimless, and which have the potential of generating temporomandibular disorders (37). Some studies have concluded that tongue position is reflexively controlled by the jaw position (24,26). In addition, synergistic activity between the tongue and the masticatory muscles is not only controlled by the tongue-jaw reflex (24,26) and an integrative central pattern generator, but also by a reflexive pathway through which jaw position is controlled by tongue position, perhaps by way of afferents from the extrinsic tongue muscle (muscle spindles) (27).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of tongue position on masseter and temporalis electromyographic activity during swallowing and maximal voluntary clenching: a cross‐sectional study

Valdés

Astaburuaga

Falace

et al. 2014

J of Oral Rehabilitation

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The purpose of this study was to measure and compare the tonic electromyographic (EMG) activity of the temporalis and masseter muscles following placement of the tongue either on the palate or in the floor of the mouth during swallowing and maximal voluntary clenching (MVC). Thirty healthy dental students with natural dentition and bilateral molar support, between the ages of 18 and 22, with no prior history of oro-facial injury, or current or past pain in the jaw, mouth or tongue participated in the study. Tonic masseter and temporalis EMG activities were recorded using surface electrodes. Subjects were instructed to passively place the tongue either on the anterior hard palate or in the floor of the mouth during swallowing and MVC. At each tongue position, the resulting EMG was recorded. During swallowing, no significant difference in EMG activity was found either for the masseter (P-value = 0.1592) or the temporalis (P-value = 0.0546) muscles, regardless of the tongue position. During MVC, there was a statistically significant difference for both the masseter (P-value = 0.0016) and the temporalis (P-value = 0.0277) muscles with lower levels recorded with the tongue in the floor of the mouth. This study found that in normal, pain-free subjects, placing the tongue in the floor of the mouth significantly reduces masticatory muscle activity during MVC. Thus, it may be considered as a possible therapeutic option to decrease masticatory muscle activity; however, further research is needed in patients with oro-facial pain.

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“…Apart from the inter‐ and intra‐observer difference of visual evaluation, we question whether being dentate or partially dentate could affect the tongue position at rest as Kotsiomiti and Kapari suggested (13). Moreover, voluntary jaw‐opening itself would change the tongue position in relation to the maxillary dentition because of the jaw‐tongue reflex in humans (16). Our method has an advantage over conventional subjective definitions in that it can evaluate tongue position at the resting mandibular position, which does not require a voluntary mouth opening.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A simple method for evaluation of tongue position

Tsuiki

Handa

Ohyama

2007

J of Oral Rehabilitation

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Neck extension because of contraction of cervical extensor muscles often brings about a lower-positioned tongue secondary to jaw opening in patients with congenital myopathy (CM). We hypothesized that neck extension in control subjects would reproduce the lower position of the tongue similar to that found in a CM patient. A simple method was formulated to evaluate the tongue position in terms of tongue pressure on the maxillary molar. A pair of pressure sensors was attached to the buccal and lingual surfaces of the upper molar for both the CM patient and four control subjects. Changes in the buccal and tongue pressures were recorded at the neck extension position for the CM patient and during both the natural head position and neck extension for the control subjects. There was a remarkable difference between buccal and tongue pressures in the neck extension position in the CM patient: tongue pressure was not detected at all, indicating there was no contact between tongue and upper molar. The buccal and tongue pressures were approximately equal in the natural head position in the control subjects. However, both buccal and tongue pressures were reduced during neck extension in the control subjects, with a greater decrease in the tongue pressure than the buccal pressure. These findings suggest that neck extension in a control subject reproduces the lower position of the tongue observed in CM patients. We propose that the pressure sensor enables evaluation of the tongue position, but further investigation is required.

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Human jaw-tongue reflex as revealed by intraoral surface recording

Cited by 19 publications

References 8 publications

Unilateral Nasal Obstruction during Later Growth Periods Affects Craniofacial Muscles in Rats

Unilateral Nasal Obstruction during Later Growth Periods Affects Craniofacial Muscles in Rats

Effect of tongue position on masseter and temporalis electromyographic activity during swallowing and maximal voluntary clenching: a cross‐sectional study

A simple method for evaluation of tongue position

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