Human intrahepatic biliary epithelial cell as a possible modulator of hepatic regeneration: Potential role of biliary epithelial cell for hepatic remodeling in vivo

Abstract

Considering that some of these factors had been already reported to have direct autocrine mitogenic influence on HIBEC, these findings could further strengthen an active role of HIBEC as a modulator of hepatic regeneration, through its biological reactivity on inflamed milieu.

IFATS Collection: In Vivo Therapeutic Potential of Human Adipose Tissue Mesenchymal Stem Cells After Transplantation into Mice with Liver Injury

“…In fact, IL-6 together with TNF␣ is responsible for a hepatocyte entering to the state of replication competence [41]. It has been demonstrated that IL-6, IL-8, and MCP-1 are produced by human intrahepatic biliary epithelial cells through toll-like receptor 4, nuclear factor-kappa B, and mitogen activated protein kinase signaling pathways, and therefore are possibly mediating an innate immune system function and modulating hepatic regeneration in vivo [42,43]. Then in the proliferation phase, HGF and TGF␣ stimulate proliferation of hepatocytes.…”

Deciphering the Genetic Predisposition to Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis

“…147 In this context, it should be noted that the biliary epithelium can release IL-8, GROa, and ENA-78. 148,149 Based on these properties, a possible role of CXCR1 and/or CXCR2 inflammatory alterations of the biliary tract can be vividly envisioned. Moreover, it might also be relevant to consider that CXCR1 and CXCR2 have a role in the propagation of malignant processes, 146,150,151 which could be particularly relevant for cholangiocellular carcinomas arising in PSC patients.…”

Liver architecture, cell function, and disease

“…We reported that unstimulated conditioned medium of human cholangiocytes in vitro were already rich in multiple humoral factors, including ELR+CXC chemokines, such as IL-8/CXCL8, growth-related oncoprotein (GRO), epithelial neutrophil chemoattractant (ENA-78), known chemoattractants with wide range of non-leukocytic activities [27]. Moreover, human cholangiocytes were found to be permissive in TLR2, 4 and 3 dependent pathways in vitro, the former of which caused increase in the secretion of IL-6, monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1), and IL-8, upon activation with LPS or LTA, respectively [72].…”

“…BECs are one of the sources of chemokines, and BECs spontaneously produce GRO-α/CXCL1, ENA-78/CXCL5, GCP-2/CXCL6, IL-8/CXCL8 ( Figure 5) [27,60]. Fractalkine (CX3CL1), consisting of a membrane-bound form and a soluble chemotactic form, is produced by several epithelial cells and is associated with cell adhesion and the chemoattractant for its receptor (CX3CR1)-expressing cells such as CD8+ and CD4+T cells.…”