Human Influenza A (H5N1) Cases, Urban Areas of People’s Republic of China, 2005–2006

Yu, Hongjie; Feng, Zijian; Zhang, Xianfeng; Xiang, Nijuan; Yang, Huai; Zhou, Lei; Li, Zhongjie; Xu, Cuiling; Luo, Heng; He, Jianfeng; Guan, Xiangdong; Yuan, Zhengan; Li, Yanting; Xu, Lei; Ren, Hong; Liu, Xuecheng; Zhou, Xingyu; Yin, Wenwu; Zhang, Shunxiang; Shu, Yuelong; Wang, Mao-wu; Wang, Yu; Lee, Chin-Kei; Uyeki, Timothy M.; Yang, Weizhong

doi:10.3201/eid1307.061557

Cited by 53 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Horby and others the reported exposure to infected poultry is tenuous [17,[20][21][22]. The largest case-control study published so far found that only 28% of all cases could be attributed to preparing or cooking sick poultry [17].…”

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What is the evidence of a role for host genetics in susceptibility to influenza A/H5N1?

et al. 2010

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SUMMARYThe apparent family clustering of avian influenza A/H5N1 has led several groups to postulate the existence of a host genetic influence on susceptibility to A/H5N1, yet the role of host factors on the risk of A/H5N1 disease has received remarkably little attention compared to the efforts focused on viral factors. We examined the epidemiological patterns of human A/H5N1 cases, their possible explanations, and the plausibility of a host genetic effect on susceptibility to A/H5N1 infection. The preponderance of familial clustering of cases and the relative lack of non-familial clusters, the occurrence of related cases separated by time and place, and the paucity of cases in some highly exposed groups such as poultry cullers, are consistent with a host genetic effect. Animal models support the biological plausibility of genetic susceptibility to A/H5N1. Although the evidence is circumstantial, host genetic factors are a parsimonious explanation for the unusual epidemiology of human A/H5N1 cases and warrant further investigation.

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confidence: 99%

What is the evidence of a role for host genetics in susceptibility to influenza A/H5N1?

et al. 2010

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“…Live poultry markets have been speculated to be a major risk factor for human infection. Based on a retrospective epidemiology study, it was recently reported that most patients in urban areas in China during 2005 and 2006 visited live bird markets (32). However, there has been a lack of direct evidence showing an association between human isolates and those from live poultry markets.…”

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Indications that Live Poultry Markets Are a Major Source of Human H5N1 Influenza Virus Infection in China

Wan

Dong

Lan

et al. 2011

J Virol

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“…Equally, the authorities could consider whether to take a precautionary approach and implementation of countermeasures at an early stage, for example by giving more priority to hygiene in hospitals and rational approaches to antimicrobial prescribing. However, historical events including developments like SARS and highly pathogenic avian influenza in China indicate that to some extent future events in infectious diseases can never be entirely anticipated [7,10]. Hence it is crucial to establish basic surveillance and response mechanisms in a strong modern public health framework that can detect and respond to whatever threats should appear in the future.…”

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confidence: 99%

Foresight Infectious Diseases China Project - A novel approach to anticipating future trends in risk of infectious diseases in China: methodology and results from an initial application

2009

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The project devised a simple but novel methodology for identifying possible future trends in infectious diseases in animals and humans in China, of priority concern to the Chinese authorities. It used a model of disease drivers (social, economic, biological or environmental factors that affect disease outcomes, by changing the behaviour of diseases, sources or pathways) devised for the Foresight Programme in the United Kingdom. Nine families of drivers were adapted to Chinese circumstances and matrices were constructed to identify the likely relationship of single infectious diseases or families of diseases to the drivers. The likely future trends in those drivers in China were determined by interviews with 36 independent Chinese experts. These trends included not only potentially adverse animal and human movements but also opportunities for innovative surveillance methods, more use of hospitals, antimicrobials and vaccines. Some human behaviours and social trends were expected to increase the risk of infections (in particular sexually transmitted and healthcare-associated infections) while at the same time the experts thought the awareness of risk in the Chinese population would increase. The results suggested a number of areas where the Chinese authorities may experience difficulties in the future, such as rising numbers of healthcare-associated infections, zoonoses and other emerging diseases and sexually transmitted infections (including HIV). Not making firm predictions, this work identifies priority disease groups requiring surveillance and consideration of countermeasures as well as recommending strengthening basic surveillance and response mechanisms for unanticipatable zoonoses and other emerging disease threats.

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Human Influenza A (H5N1) Cases, Urban Areas of People’s Republic of China, 2005–2006

Abstract: We investigated potential sources of infection for 6 confirmed influenza A (H5N1) patients who resided in urban areas of People’s Republic of China. None had known exposure to sick poultry or poultry that died from illness, but all had visited wet poultry markets before illness.

Cited by 53 publications

References 9 publications

What is the evidence of a role for host genetics in susceptibility to influenza A/H5N1?

What is the evidence of a role for host genetics in susceptibility to influenza A/H5N1?

Indications that Live Poultry Markets Are a Major Source of Human H5N1 Influenza Virus Infection in China

Foresight Infectious Diseases China Project - A novel approach to anticipating future trends in risk of infectious diseases in China: methodology and results from an initial application

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